QUERCUS 



QUERCUS 



1483 



■vdth Q. Suber, for which see Q. Lncombeana, in sup- 

 plementary list. 



3;). Suber, Linn. Cokk Oak. Tree, to r>0 ft., with 

 broad round-topped liead and thick, deeply furrowed, 

 spongy, elastic bark: Ivs. ovate to oblong, rounded or 

 subcordate at the base, remotely serrate, glabrous above, 

 whitish tomentose beneath, 1-.'} in. long : f r. short-stalked ; 

 acoi-n ovate or oblong-ovate, J^-lJij in. high, embraced one- 

 third to one-half by the cup; scales thick, usually with 

 short and often recurved tips. 

 S. Europe, N. Afr. — From this 

 species cork is obtained; it is 

 much cultivated for this pur- ^^ 



pose in E. India and recently •'—^:^^^^ 



also in California, where it ^-^=i><- 



seems to tlirive well. Q. occi- 

 dentalis, tiay, seems to differ 

 only by the fr. ripening the 

 second year and by its greater 

 hardiness; its bark is not distin- 

 guished commercially from that 

 of the true Cork Oak. 



.30. ilex, Linn. Holly or 

 Holm Oak. Tree, to GO ft., with 

 large, round-topped head; bark 

 not corky: Ivs. very variable, 

 ovate to lanceolate, remotely 

 serrate or almost entire and 

 with revolute margin, dark 

 ^reen above, yellowish or whit- 

 ish tomentose beneath, 1-3 in. 

 long : fr. 1-3, usually pedun- 

 cled ; acorn ovate, embraced 

 about one -half by the cup; 

 scales thin, appressed, rarely 

 slightly spreading. S. Europe. 

 M.D.G. 1898:275. Var. Ballota, 

 DC. {Q. Ballota. Desf.). Lvs. 

 smaller, orbicular or broadly 

 ovate; the sweet acorn is often 

 gathered for food. Var. F6rdii, 

 Nichols. ( Q. Ford a, Carr. ) . Of 

 pyramidal habit with narrower 

 and smaller lvs. R.H. 1861, pp. 

 114, 115; 1885, pp. 3.52, 353. Not 

 to be confounded with Q. Ford- 

 ia)ia, Hemsl., a Chinese species 

 leaves. 



37. Virginiana, Mill. (Q. virens, Ait.). Live Oak. 

 Pigs. 2050-52. Tree, to 50 or rarely to 70 ft., with al- 

 most horizontal limbs, forming a wide spreading head ; 

 sometimes shrubby: lvs. elliptic or oblong, usually en- 

 tire, with revolute margin, rarely with a few spiny teeth 

 above the middle, dark green and glossy above, whitish 

 tomentulose beneath, 1-3 in. long: fr. peduncled; acorn 

 ovate, about 1 in. long, embraced about one-third by the 

 cup; scales thin, appressed. Va. to Fla., west to Mex. 

 S.S. 8:.39-t..395. G.F. 1:476; 5:486, 487; 0:7; 8:235. F.R. 

 1:643. Gng. 8:1. -One of the most beautiful of the 

 American Oaks and much planted as a shade and 

 avenue tree in the southern states; easily transplanted 

 and of rapid growth ; also very valuable as a timber tree. 



38. chrys61epis, Liebm. California Live Oak. Maul 

 Oak. Fig. 20.53. Tree, to 50, rarely to 100 ft., with wide- 

 spreading head and often pendulous branches : lvs. 

 short-petioled, oval to oblong-ovate, acute and spiny- 

 toothed or entire, bluish or yellowish green above, glau- 

 cous beneath and covered with fulvous tomentum when 

 young, 1-4 in. long: fr. short-stalked, ripening the sec- 

 ond year; acorn ovoid, Vi-Wi in. high, embraced about 

 one-fourth )iy the shallow cup, which is often very thick 

 and densely fulvous-tomentose. Ore. to Calif. S.S. 

 8:398, 399. G.F. 5:127.-The most beautiful of the Cali- 

 fornian Oaks. 



39. agrifolia, N^e. Fig. 2054. Similar in habit to the 

 former, sometimes shrubby: lvs. broadly oval to ob- 

 long, sinuately spiny-toothed, usually convex, dull green 

 above, light green below, pubescent at first, 1/^-3 in. 

 long: fr. usually sessile; acorn conic-ovate, often elon- 

 gated, to IJ^ in. long, embraced one-fourth to one-third 

 by the cup; scales thin, slightlv pul)erulous. Calif. 

 S.S. 8:403. P.F.G. 2, p. 44. F.S. 7, p. 138. 



40. densifldra, Hook. & Arn. Tan Bark Oak. Ever- 

 green tree, to 70, occasionally to 100 ft., with spreading 

 branches forming a dense, broad, round-topped head: 

 Ivs. ol)long-obovate or oblong, acute, remotely dentate, 

 with short acute callous teeth, fulvous-tomentose when 

 young, at maturity glabrous and pale green above, rusty 

 tomentose beneath and finally glabrous and bluish white: 

 fr. peduncled; acorn ovoid or ovate, %-l}/i in. long, em- 

 braced only at the base by the shallow cup coated with 



2052. 



Live Oak, with Spanish moss hanging from the branches. 



Audubon Park, New Orleans. — QweccMS Virginiana. 



with chestnut-like 



linear spreading scales. S. Ore. to Calif. S.S. 8:438. 

 G.F. 5: 523. -One of the most beautiful Oaks of the Pa- 

 cific states. The only representative of the subgenus 

 Pasania in America. 



The species in the following list are not hardy north except 

 when mentioned: 



Q. acuta, Thunb. (Q. Buerger!, Bhinie). Evergreen small 

 tree: lvs. oblong to lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, usually 

 entire, glabrous, light green beneath, 4-7 in.: cup thick, with 

 the scales connate into coueentrie rings. Jap., Corea. Gn. 19, 

 p. 28.5. — Q. JEgilops, Linn. Evergreen tree, to 60 ft.: allied 

 to Q. Cerris: lvs. lobed-dentate with acute sinuses, fulvous- 

 tomentose at first: cup large, with spreading, flat, lanceolate 

 scales, not much to one-half shorter than acorn. S. Italy, 

 Greece. — Q. alnitblia, Poech. Evergreen shrub: lvs. orbicular 

 or oval, dentate, shining above, yellow-tomentose beneath, 

 1-2 in. long: cup with recurved lanceolate bracts; acorn ij^in. 

 long.- Creta. Gn. 18, p. 486; 40, p. 95. A.G. 13:436.— Q. Buergeri, 

 Blume = Q. acuta.— Q. bamhiisa-fblia, Fort., not Hanee. = Q. 

 Vibrayana.— Q. breinfblia, Sarg. = Q. ciiierea.— Q. castana'fblia, 

 C. A. Mey. Half evergreen tree, to 70 ft. : lvs. oblong-lanceo- 

 late, serrate, tomentulose beneath, rarelj' almost glabrous, 

 4-6 in. long: cup with lanceolate recurved scales. W. Asia to 

 N. Persia. Not or only half-hardy north. — Q. Cdtesbm, Michx. 

 Tree, to 60 ft.: lvs. similar to those of Q. cuneata, but rufous- 

 tomentose when young, glabrous at length, except axillary tufts 

 beneath, very short-petioled; cup turbinate. N. C. to Fla. and 

 La. S.S. 8:417. — Q. Chdpmani, Sarg. (Q. obtusiloba, var. par- 

 vifolia, Chapm.). LTsually shnib, rarely small tree; allied to 

 Q. stellata: lvs. obovate-oblong and entire or slightly sinuately 

 lobed toward the apex. S.C.toFla. S.S. 8:370.— Q. C/immsis, 

 Abel. See Q. sclerophylla. — Q. cin^ren, Michx. Blue Jack, 

 Small tree: allied to Q. imbriearia, but lvs. tomentulose be- 

 neath, smaller, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, half evergreen: 

 cup saucer-shaped; acorn subglohose. N. C. to Fla. and Tex. 

 S.S. 8:431.— Q. coccifera, Linn. Evergreen small tree or shrub: 

 lvs. oval to oblong, spinosedentate, almost glabrotis, 1-2 in, 

 long: cup with spreading or recui-ved rigid scales: maturation 

 biennial. S. Eu. — Q. ciispiddta, Thunb. Evergreen tree, to 

 40 ft., with slender branches: lvs. ovate to oblong, acuminate, 

 erenately serrate toward the apex or entire, glabrous at length, 

 15^-3^2 in. long: f r. in short spikes; cup ovate, enclosing tha 



