1578 



ROTHROCKIA 



RUBUS 



5-parted ; stigma abruptly produced from the top into a 

 column having a 3-crested apex. Syn. Flora N. Amer., 

 vol. 2, part 1, p. 403. 



cordifdiia, A. Gray. Lvs. opposite, slender-petioled, 

 cordate, acutely acuminate: fls. white or whitish, in 

 racemes; corolla'- lobes 3-4 lines long. Along water- 

 courses near the borders of Arizona. Cult, in S. Calif. 



F. W. Barclay. 



ROUGE PLANT. JRivina hmnilis. 



RO0PALA (probably a native name in Guiana). Also 

 spelled Bopala, Bhopala, etc. Protecicew. A genus of 

 about 40 species of the tropical regions of S. America. 

 They are mostly woody plants, with handsome ever- 

 green lvs., either simple or pinnate: fls. usually incon- 

 spicuous, in axillary or lateral racemes, pedicelled in 

 pairs, hermaphrodite, regular ; perianth cylindrical, 

 rather straight, but little dilated at the base; the limb 

 somewhat globular: ovary sessile; ovules 2, pendulous, 

 orthotropous. 



A. Hairs rust-colored 



PdWii, Meisn. {R. Corcovadinsis, Hort.). A tree, 

 with branches clothed with rusty colored woolly 

 tomentum: lvs. 1 ft. or more long, pinnate, with 

 5-8 pairs of Ifts. which are 3-5 in. long, on 

 stout petiolules 1 in. or less long, ovate or ob- 

 liquely ovate, acuminate, acutely serrate: fls 

 y^ in. long, white or yellowish, in nearly ses- 

 sile axillary racemes 3-5 in. long. B.M. G095. 



AA. Hairs golden. 



aiirea, Linden. According to Bel 

 Hort. 1866:202, this species was named 

 for the golden hairs covering the 

 upper parts of the stem and pet- 

 ioles. Brazil. — Rare and imper- 

 fectly known, but still offered in 

 America. 



R. Jonghei, Hort., is a plant offered 

 by Siebreeht which does not appear 

 in botanical works. 



F. W. Barclay. 



ROWAN. So7-bus Atccuparia. 



ROYAL CROWN. Eucomis. 



Osmunda re- 



ROYAL FERN. 



galls. 



ROYAL PALM. 



regia. 



Ore odoxa 



RUBBER PLANTS. Various plants furnish Rubber. 

 The best gutta percha is said to be produced by Isonan- 

 dra Gutta (which see), a native of India. For the Rub- 

 ber Tree of South America, see 2Z"<'('C(( Urasilieiisis, Y). 

 741. The Rubber Tree of tropical Africa is Landolphia 

 florida; see B.M. 0963. The Rubber Plant of horticul- 

 turists is Ficiis elastica. 



RUBIA (Latin, red; referring to the color of the dye 

 extracted from the root). Utibidcece . R. tinctorum is 

 the dye-plant called Madder, the 

 long, fleshy roots of which are ground 

 to powder. According to Thorburn, 

 Madder furnishes a good green fod- 

 der if cut the second year when in 

 flower. The genus consists of about 

 30 species of scabrous, hispid or 

 prickly herbs widely scattered about 

 the world, mostly in the temperate 

 regions. Lvs. in whorls of 4-8 or 

 rarely opposite : lvs. small to minute, 

 in axillary or terminal cymes, 5-mer- 

 ous ; involucre none ; calyx - limb 

 wanting ; corolla rotate or rotate- 

 bell-shaped, 5-lobed: ovary 2-loculed 

 or abortively 1-celled. 

 tinctdrum, Linn. (R. tinctbria, Salisb.). Madder. 

 A scandent herbaceous perennial: lvs. 2-4 in. long, 

 sessile or very short-petioled, mostly lanceolate, not 

 cordate, in whorls of 4-6: cymes terminal, panicled, 

 spreading, leafy. jp_ -^^ Barclay. 



2191. To illustrate the 

 fruit - bearing of the 

 black Raspberry. 



ROYAL PEACOCK FLOWER 



Poinciana regia. 



If the main cane or 

 ROYfiNA (Adrian van Royen, stem on the left grew in 



professor of botany in Univ. of ^f '''//'^n *»''"' '^^^"^^ 

 T 1 1-1 i-7"ni ni -i shoot (B) grew m 1900; 



Leyden; died 17/9). EhenHcew. and at the close of the 



season of 1900, the whole 

 cane had died or be- 

 come very weak. If the 

 cane had been examined 

 in the spring of 1900, the 

 bud would have been 

 seen (as above A) from 



Ehend.ce(f 

 Roijena Incida is one of the old- 

 time Cape shrubs formerly cult, 

 under glass for ornament in Eng- 

 land and lately offered in S. Cali- 

 fornia. It has small white fls. 

 about y^ in. across, with 5 more 



or less reflexed lobes. Royena which' was'To Vrow'the 

 is a genus of about 13 species of fruit-bearing shoot, 

 evergreen shrubs or small trees, 



2 of which are native to tropical Africa and the rest to 

 the Cape. The genus is distinguished from the 4 or 5 

 other genera of the ebony family by the flowers being 

 hermaprodite instead of difficious and the stamens in a 

 single series. Other generic characters (taken from the 

 Flora of Trojncal Africa): calyx often accrescent in 

 fruit; lobes 5, rarely 4; corolla bell- or urn-shaped, 

 5-cleft; lobes reflexed; stamens 10, inserted at the base 

 of the corolla -tube: ovary conical; styles or style- 

 branches 2-4: fr. globose to oblong, leathery, indeiiis- 

 cent. 



lilcida, Linn. Tender shrub: lvs. ovate, the younger 

 ones silky: pedimcl(!s about a third as long as the lvs.: 

 corolla beil-shaped. S.Africa. B.R. 32:40. 



RUBUS (Latin name, ultimately connected with 

 rut)er, red). Rosdcew. Bramble. Blackberries and 

 Raspberries. A most variable and puzzling genus, 

 containing perhaps 200 fairly well-marked species and 

 numberless intermediate forms. As many as 1,500 spe- 

 cies have been described. The genus is particularly 

 strong in Europe, where the greatest number of specific 

 names have been made (see Weihe & Nees, "Rubi 

 Germanici," 1822-7; Focke, "Synopsis Ruborum Germa- 

 niaj," 1877; Babbington, "British Rubi," 1869; W. M. 

 Rogers, "Key to the British Rubi," Journ. Botany, 1892). 

 Focke describes 72 species inhabiting Germany. There 

 is also a large extension of the genus in the Himalayan 

 region, about 50 species being recognized ( J. D. Hooker 

 admits 41 species in the "Flora of British India"). The 

 species extend eastward into China and Japan. Hemsley, 

 in his "Flora of China," admits 41 species. In Japan, 

 Franchet and Savatier admit 22 species. In North 

 America, about 40 species are now recognized, but they 

 have not been studied critically, and it is probable that 

 many more specific types will be recognized in the near 

 future. No end of species could be made, but it is 

 doubtful whether a great multiplication of species- 

 names would contribute anything more than confusion 

 to the literature and knowledge of the genus. There is 

 no monograph of the American species. The species 

 that are valuable for their fruits are reviewed by Card in 

 "Bush-Fruits" and by the present writer in "Sketch of 

 the Evolution of our Native Fruits," 1898. Rubus is 

 widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, particu- 

 larly in temperate and warm-temperate parts. Some 

 of them are alpine and arctic. In tropical countries the 

 genus is relatively poorly represented. Oliver admits 

 only 4 in the "Flora of Tropical Africa." Only 2 species 

 are described in Grisebach's "Flora of the British West 

 Indies." Baker admits 3 species in the "Flora of Mau- 

 ritius and the Seychelles." Hillebrand describes 3 spe- 

 cies in "Flora of "the Hawaiian Islands." The southern 

 hemisphere has few species. Bentham's "Flora Austra- 

 liensis" has but 5 species. Kirk's "Flora of New Zea- 

 land " mentions only 4 indigenous species. There are 

 also 5 species described in Harvey and Sender's work 

 ("Flora Capensis ") on the flora of the Cape of Good 

 Hope region. 



Rubus is closely allied to Rosa, from which it differs 

 chiefly in the structure of the flower. In Rosa, the 

 torus is hollow (formerly said that the calyx is hollow 

 or urn-shaped) and contains the dry fruits or akenes. 

 In Rubiis the torus is convex, conical or elongated, and 

 bears the mostly soft or pulpy fruits on its surface. 

 Rubi are chiefly shrubs with stems (canes) that die 



