RUBUS 



RUBUS 



1585 



Section 5. Sand Blackberries, with stiff, erect, low 

 and very thorny growths, small fl. -clusters, and Ivs. 

 white-tomentose beneath . 



28. cuneifdlius, Piirsli {B. aculitis- 

 simus, Reasoner ) . Sand Blackberry. 

 Pig. 239, Vol. I. Plant stiff and thorny, 

 usually not over .'i-4 ft. tall, the 

 prickles many, hooked, and 

 very strong, the young 

 growths white- tomentose : 

 4' M Ifts. on bearing canes mostly 

 \j0^ small and thick, wedge-oblong 

 to wedge-obovate, 

 obtuse or nearly 

 so, densely white- 

 tomentose be- 

 neath, the mar- 

 gins sharp- 

 toothed; Ifts. on 

 the sterile canes 



2205. Rubus nigrobaccus (X 3^). 



2204. Rubus nigrobaccus (X %). No. 22. 



larger, often ovate-pointed 

 or elliptic: fl. -clusters 4-10- 

 fld., short, more or less leafy 

 and thorny, the fl. -buds glob- 

 u 1 a r and pubescent : fr. 

 medium in size, firm, often 

 sweet and good. Dry fields, 

 Connecticut to the Gulf, 

 and the common Blacklierry 

 in many places. —In cultiva- 

 tion this seems to be repre- 

 sented by the viciously 

 thorny Topsy or Tree Black- 

 berry, although the charac- 

 teristic white tome n turn 

 largely disappears under 

 domestication. Were it not 

 for this tomentum, the spe- 

 cies would be difficult to 

 distinguish from H. flori- 

 dus. 



Section 6. Swamp Blackberries, with weak hispid 

 canes and reddish frtiits. 



29. setdsus, Bigel. {B. hispidiis, var. snberSctus, 

 Peck). Mostly erect, sometimes ascending 2-3 ft., the 

 slender canes clothed with many weak mostly recurved 

 prickles and sometimes conspicuously hispid also, the 

 prickles generally extending to the petioles and inflor- 

 escence: Ifts. oblanceolate to ovate, pointed or acumi- 

 nate, very strong-toothed : fr. small, with few drupelets, 

 reddish black. Swamps, Quebec to Pa. — Not known to 

 be in the trade, but inserted here because it is confused 

 with a. hispidus and other species. 



AA. Deivberries : Plant trailing or decumbent. 

 Group 1. Swamp Dewberries, with weak bristly stems, 

 obovate shining Ifts., and small red fruit. 



30. hispidus, Linn. {B. obovdlis, Michx. B. sempir- 

 virens, Bigel.). Fig. 2210. Stems very slender, scarcely 

 woody but usually persisting over winter, creeping, 

 bearing many weak reflexed small bristles: Ifts. usually 

 3, thick, shining above, wedge-obovate or oval-obovate, 

 usually obtuse, doubly serrate: fls. small, white, on few- 

 flowered herbaceous nearly or quite leafless peduncles 

 arising from the creeping canes: fr. small and of few 



drupelets, red to red-black, sour. Swamps or low sandy 

 soils. Nova Scotia to Ga. and Kans. — Of no value for 

 the fruit, but sometimes offered by dealers as a subject 

 for covering the ground in moist places. The leaves 

 usually persist through the winter, and in s.unny places 

 they assume a fine bronzy hue. 



Grotip 2. Soft-caned Dewberries, ivith the stems thin 

 and little woody or even almost herbaceous and the 

 peduncles 1-S-fld. 



31. finslenii, Tratt. {B. villosus, var. humifiisus, 

 Torr. & Gray. B. Baileydnus, Britt. ). Plant weak, 

 with slender canes lying on the ground, the prickles 

 small and relatively few or even none, the flowering 

 canes sometimes almost herbaceous although having 

 survived the winter: Ifts. small and thin, oval-pointed 

 to nearly ovate, irregularly and sharply serrate, nearly 

 glabrous (or hairy on the margins and the veins): fls. 

 of good, size, white, solitary (sometimes in 2's) on short, 

 leafy peduncles: fr. small and nearly globular, loose, 

 black, often good. Sandy places. New York 

 and Mich, to Miss. Evol. Native Fruits, Figs. 

 77 and 87. — Has been confounded with B. vil- 

 losus, but, as Rubuses go, it seems to be well 

 distinguished. Probably not in cultivation. 



Group 3. The common Northern 

 Dewberries, with strong, prickly, 

 often half-ascending canes and 2— 

 several-fid. peduncles. 

 32. villdsus, Ait. {B. Canadensis, 

 Authors, not Linn.). Figs. 2211,2212. 

 Canes strong, often several feet long 

 and usually armed with strong re- 

 curved prickles, not stand- 

 ing alone when full grown 

 but often rising 2 feet from 

 the ground, the shoots 

 mostly glabrous or becom- 

 ing so: Ivs. of medium size 

 or becoming very large on 

 strong plants, firm and 

 thick, the 3-7 leaflets oval or 





ovate pointed or 

 acuminate and 

 sharply double- 

 toothed: fls. white, 

 few to several on 

 the ends of short, 

 leafy shoots of the 

 season: fr. usually 

 globose or short-ob- 

 long, shining black, 

 the drupelets usu- 

 ally large. Fields 

 and roadsides, On- 

 tario (and New- 

 foundland?) to Pla. 

 and Arizona.— The 

 common Dewberry 

 of the North, oc- 

 curring in many 

 forms in old fields, 

 and often a troublesome pest. There are varieties cult, 

 for the fruit. This is the plant named Bubus villosus 

 by Alton in 1789, although it has been supposed that he 

 had the High-bush Blackberry (B. nigrobaccus). When 



2205. Rubus nigrobaccus, a wild High- 

 bush Blackberry (X Vs). No. 22. 



