1594 



SABAL 



SACCOLABIUM 



2. mauritiaef6rme, Griseb. & Wendl. Also spelled 

 mauritiiformis, etc. Trunk middle-sized, but occasion- 

 ally attaiuins: GO-80 ft.: Ivs. Anally 12 ft. across; blade 

 suborbicular, longer than the petiole, glaucous beneath, 

 multifid to the middle, with loose fibers between the 

 bifid lobes. West Indies. — The name ma^iritUeforme 

 does not appear in the American trade, but S. glauces- 

 cens, Lodd. and Hort., probably belongs here, according 

 to Grisebach. Nehrling writes: "S. glaucescens of the 

 trade rivals S. umhracullferum in beauty and rapidity 

 of growth. Its leaves, though smaller, have a beautiful 

 bluish green color." 



3. Palmetto, Lodd. Cabbage Palmetto. Pig. 2224. 

 Stem erect, 20-80 ft. high: Ivs. 5-8 ft. long, cordate in 

 outline, recurved at the summit, shorter than the 

 petiole; segments deeply cleft; spadix spreading, 

 shorter than the Ivs. : drupe black, 3^->2 in. long. 

 Southern states. S.S. 10:507. A.¥.12:&ld,.-S. Moclni, 

 Hort., is referred to S. Palmetto by Voss, but Nehrling 

 describes it as a stemless plant from Mexico, more 

 beautiful than the Dwarf Palmetto, bearing immense 

 Ivs. on strong stalks, the Ivs. attaining a height of 6-8 

 ft. S. Palmetto has been confused in the European 

 trade with S. llexicanutn. 



4. Blackburmi,num, Glazebrook {S. umhraculiferum , 

 Mart.). Stem 30-40 ft. high, thickened at the middle: 

 blade ample, orbicular, glaucous, rather rigid, shorter 

 than the petiole; lobes about 40, ensiform, bifid, fila- 

 mentous, rather rigid. West Indies. G. F. 4:307. 

 G.C. II. 2:777. Loudon's Gard. Mag. 5:52-57, with 

 several figures.— This species has also been confused in 

 the trade with S. Mexicanum. 



5. Mexicanum, Mart. Stout tree, with trunk some- 

 times 50 ft. tall and 2 ft. in diam. : Ivs. very large, some- 

 times 6 ft. long and 7 ft. wide, divided to the middle 

 into many narrow 2-parted segments, which are filamen- 

 tous on the margins: fr. K in- in diam., globose or 

 sometimes 3-lobed, with thin dry flesh. Tex., Mex. S.S. 

 10:508. — Nehrling writes: "This species is more robust 

 than those native to Florida; it forms a broader and 

 denser crown of Ivs. and grows more quickly." 



The following are mostly trade names, but at present they 

 can be only imperfectly described: <S. cmrulescens, W. Bull. 

 A native of Colombia introduced in 1875. Apparently only the 

 juvenile state has been described. Lvs. elongate, linear-lanceo- 

 late, plicate, with a bluish or glaucous green color which is very 

 strongly marked on the under surface. Nehrling writes that he 

 cannot distinguish at present his specimens of S. caerulescens 

 from S. glaucescens. — S. dealhatum, Hort. "This species," 

 writes Nehrling, "reminds one of S. Moeini, although it is 

 smaller in all its parts. The leaves are numerous, glaucous 

 green and of a fine fan-shaped form. Compared with the Sabals 

 that form a trunk, these stemless species have little beauty, 

 though they look well as foliage plants in company with Cyeas 

 revoluta and Dioon edule." The name "dealbatum" means 

 whitened.— S. Ohicsbreghtii, Hort., is very similar to S. um- 

 braeulifera, according to Nehrling.— S. glaiicum, Hort., Pitcher 

 and Manda, 1895, may possibly be meant for S. glaucescens. 

 —S. Havanensis, Lodd., according to Nehrling, "is a more up- 

 right grower than S. Blackburnianum, has a slender stem and 

 the leaf-stalks are longer and thinner. The leaves have a bluish 

 green color while young, changing to a fine dark green when 

 they get older." H.-ilntat unknown. — S. Hobgendorpi, Hort., is 

 cult, by Nehrling. — .S'. Javctnicum, Hort., Pitcher & Manda, is 

 possibly meant for S. Havanensis, since Sabal is an Ameri- 

 can genus and is not known in Java.— S. longifolium, Hort., 

 according to Nehrling "has very numerous, long and slender 

 lvs. which are bright green above and silvery below." — S. Ion- 

 £rip«du/icMZa<!t?«, Hort., according to Nehrling, "is a stemless 

 plant with smaller lvs. than those of S. Moeini and very long 

 and slender stalks." Reasoner adds that the lvs. are glaucous 

 green. — .S'. prineeps, Hort., according to Nehrling, "is very 

 similar to S. umbraculifera. — S. TJresana, Trelease. Trunk 

 15 or 35 ft. high and upwards of 1 ft. in diam.: lvs. glabrous, 

 very glaucous; petiole stout, concavo-convex, unarmed, about 

 40 in. long, nearly 1 in. wide and nearly 2-5 in. thick: blade 

 about 40 in. long and wide, multifid, with coarse straw-colored 

 fibers from the sinuses, the center areuately recurved: fr. of a 

 single developed carpel, depressed globose, % in. or less in 

 diam., edible, green, or when dry dingy brown and somewhat 

 glossy, the mesocarp then cottony: endoearp whitish straw- 

 color, glossy within; seed polished, dark chostnut-lirown, 

 labyrinthiform-rugose, much depressed. Sonora, Mexi<-o, in 

 the vicinity of Ures. Described and figured in vol. VI (1901) of 

 Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. " From the two arboreous palmettos of 

 the United States, S. Urosana differs markedly in its pale, 

 very glaiicons fojijigo, and in the size of its fruit, which is of 

 thrice the diameter of that of S. Palmetto, and usually a third 

 larger than in 8. Mexicana, with the former of which species 



it agrees in having but one of the three carpels developed aiid 

 fertile, while in S. Mexicana two or even all three are not in- 

 frequently developed. Considering the extent to which this 

 section of Mexico has been visited by collectors of seeds it 

 would be remarkable if this attractive plant should not prove 

 to be already in cultivation in European gardens." Possibly 

 already in cult, in this country. •^ ^ jyj_ 



SABBATIA (Liberatus Sabbati, Italian botanist of the 

 eighteenth century). Gentiandcece. About 13 species of 

 Atlantic North American annuals or biennials with 

 showy rose-pink or white fis. in summer or autumn. 

 Fls. 5-12-merous, in cymes or terminating the branches; 

 calyx 5-12-cleft; corolla rotate, usually with a yellow 

 eye, the lobes convolute in the bud; filaments rather 

 short, filiform; anthers linear or elongate oblong, ar- 

 cuate, recurved or revolute; style 2-cleft or parted: 

 capsule globose or ovoid, thick-coriaceous or at first 

 fleshy: seeds small, numerous. 



Sabbatias require a light, sweet soil. Seed may be 

 sown in fall or early spring. The plants are easily 

 transplanted. 



a. Pis. 5-2)arted, rarely 6-7-parted. 

 B. Z,vs. narrotv -ohlanceolate to linear. 

 c. Color of fls. rose to ivliite: lvs. obtuse. 

 brachid,ta, Ell. Stem but slightly angled, 1-2 ft. 

 high: lvs. mostly obtuse, obscurely 3-nerved at the 

 base: fls. showy, light rose to white, 1-1>2 in. across, in 

 thyrsiform panicles, the lateral peduncles bearing usu- 

 ally 3-fld. cymes; calyx-lobes narrowly linear, shorter 

 or nearly equaling the corolla. May-Sept. Ind. to 

 N. C. and south. B.B. 2:609. 



cc. Color of fls. white, fading yellowish: lvs. acute. 



lanceolElta, Torr. & Gray. Stem simple, 1-3 ft. high: 

 lvs. about 1 in. long, shorter than internodes, acute, 

 3-5-nerved, the floral reduced to subulate bracts: fls. 

 about 1 in. »icross, white, fading yellowish; calyx-lobe 

 more than half the length of the corolla. May-Sept. 

 Wet pine barrens, N. J. to Fla. B.B. 2:609. 



BB. Lvs. wider, cordate-ovate, clasping. 

 angularis, Pursh. Stem sharply angled, 13^-2 ft. 

 high: lvs. 3-5-nerved: fls. fragrant, showy, light rose 

 to white, 1-2 in. across, in much-branched pyramidal or 

 somewhat corymbose cymes; calyx-lobes linear, much 

 shorter than the corolla. Rich, light soil in open fields. 

 W. Canada to Fla. B.B. 2:610. 



aa. Pis. 8-12-parted. 



cMoroides, Pursh. Stem truly biennial, 1-2 ft. high, 

 often decumbent, loosely and sparingly branched above: 

 lvs. oblong-lanceolate or the lower oblong-spatulate: 

 fls. rose-purple, occasionally white, 2 in. across, showy, 

 solitary on naked, somewhat panictilate peduncles; 

 calyx-lobes subulate-linear, about half the length of the 

 spatulate-obovate lobes of the corolla. Margins of pine 

 barren swamps along the coast. Mass., Fla. B.B. 2:612. 



F. W. Barclay. 



SACCHAIIUM {saccharon, old Greek name for sugar). 

 Graminea'. Species 12, in tropical regions, mostly of 

 the Old World. Tall grasses with stout culm and ample 

 panicles, the branches of which are many-jointed; the 

 small, slender spikelets 1-fld., surrounded by long silky 

 hairs. Differs from Erianthus in having the spikelets 

 awnless. The most important species is the Sugar Cane, 

 which is extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropi- 

 cal countries for the production of sugar. Propagated 

 by cuttings of the stem. Native country unknown, but 

 probably east Asia. Ctiltivated from time immemorial, 

 for which reason many varieties have lost the power to 

 produce bloom or at least to produce fertile seed. Rum 

 is produced from the fermented molasses. 



officinarum, Linn. Sugar Cane. Stem 8-20 ft. high, 

 1-2 in. thick, third empty glume wanting. 



A. S. Hitchcock. 



SACCOLABIUM (name referring to the saccate label- 

 luni). Orc}iid()rc(e. p]pipliytic herbs with erect leafy 

 stems increasing in length by continued growth at the 

 apex: lvs. distichous, leathery and fleshy, usually chan- 

 neled; inflorescence lateral, in the cultivated species a 

 long, densely-fld. cylindrical raceme: fls. medium or 



