1614 



SAPONARIA 



2250. Saponaria officinalis ( X K) . 



in a loose corymbose panicle; calyx-teeth ovate, obtuse, 

 membranous-margined. Spring. Italy, Greece. R.H. 

 1851:281.-Var. dlba is also in the trade. Seed should 

 be sown in the fall for spring bloom or in April for 



su*mmer flowering. 



BB. Lvs. acute: plant 



perennial. 

 ocymoides, Linn. 

 Stems much branched, 

 6-9 in. high, half -trail- 

 ing : lvs. ovate-lanceo- 

 late, about 1-nerved, 

 ^^ small, acute: fls. bright 

 pink, in loose, broad 

 cymes. Summer. Eu- 

 rope.— Several varieties 

 are in cultivation, includ- 

 ing var. d.lba, 



S. Japonica, Hort. John 

 Saul, seems to be unknown 

 to botanists. 



J. B. Keller and 

 F. W. Barclay 



SAPROPHYTE(Greek, 



rotten, and plant, i. e., 

 living on dead organic 

 matter). A plant (wheth- 

 er bacterium, fungus or 

 higher plant) subsisting 

 upon the humus of the 

 soil, or dead or decaying 

 organic materials. The 

 customary classification 

 which includes under the 

 term " saprophyte " all 

 bacteria that do not sub- 

 sist on living plants or 

 animals no longer corre- 

 sponds with facts. The 

 integrity of the classification has been destroyed by the 

 discovery of certain bacteria in the soil, as the nitrify- 

 ing bacteria, which are able, even without sunlight, to 

 appropriate the carbon dioxid of the atmosphere. Among 

 the. fungi we class as saprophytes all plants which live 

 upon a dead or decaying organic substratum. Such are 

 the baker's yeast (Saccliaromyces c<?ret'ts«<c), the mush- 

 room (Agaricns campestris) and the stinkhorn (Phallus 

 impudicus). Most mushrooms and toadstools are sap- 

 rophytes (Pig. 2251). Some of the flowering plants pos- 

 sessing ectotrophic mj'corhiza (Indian pipe, Monotropa 

 uniflora) and endotrophic mycorhiza (Neottia nidus- 

 avis, Corallorhiza innata, Epipogum aphyllum, snow 

 plant, Sarcodes sanguinea and Tliismia Aseroe) are also 

 classed as saprophytes. jqhn W. Hakshberger. 



SARACA (from Sarac, the name of the genus in 

 India). Leguminosir. About G species of tropical 

 Asiatic trees, with glabrous, rigid-coriaceous, abruptly 

 pinnate lvs. and yellow, rose or red fls. in dense, sessile, 

 axillary, corymbose panicles with somewhat pet -like, 

 reddish bractlets : calyx cylin- 

 drical, with a disk at its sum- 

 mit; limb 4-lobed ; lobes ob- 

 long, unequal, petal-like; co- 

 rolla wanting; stamens 3-8, 

 exserted; filaments filiform; 

 anthers versatile, opening 

 longitudinally : fr. a coria- 

 ceous flat pod. 



Indica, Linn. A medium - 

 sized tree : Ifts. 6-12, ovate- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, 4-6 in. 

 long, entire, short - petioled : 

 fls. orange-red, fragrant, col- 

 lected in compact, roundish 

 panicles which are shorter 

 than tlie lvs.; stamens usu- 

 ally 6 or 7, inserted on the fleshy annular ring at the 

 summit of the calyx-tube; style long, curved: bracts 

 red, appearing as a calyx; pod 4-10 in. long, 4-8-seeded; 

 seeds oblong, compressed, 1^ in. long. B.M. 3018. — It 



2251. 



A saprophytic plant- 

 Mushroom. 



SARRACENIA 



has flowered well with greenhouse treatment at height 

 of 4 ft. It is suitable for outdoor planting only in tropi- 

 cal regions. Procurable from southern Florida. 



F. W. Barclay. 



SARCANTHUS (name from Greek words signifying 

 flesh and flower, in allusion to the fleshy nature of the 

 blossom). OrchidAceoe. A small genus related to Vanda. 

 Owing to the smallness of the flowers they are rarely 

 cultivated. Sepals and petals similar: labellum flrmly 

 united with the base of the column, spurred, with 2 

 small lateral lobes and a longer concave middle lobe. 

 Foliage and habit of Vanda. 



Give plenty of water in the growing season. They 

 should have basket culture, with fern root, and a tem- 

 perature of 65° to 85°. When at rest, give very little 

 water and reduce the tem- 

 perature to 55°. Culture 

 practically as for Vanda. 



teretiiblius, Lindl. ( Lulsia 

 teres, Lindl.). Stem 1 ft. 

 high, with cylindrical lvs. 

 2-4 in. long: raceme bearing 

 7-8 inconspicuous fls.: 

 sepals iind petals oblong, 

 dull green, with red disk; 

 labellum slipper - shaped, 

 white, lateral lobes edged 

 with red. Sept. China. B. 

 M. 3571. 



Heinrich Hasselbring 

 and Wm. Mathews. 



SARCOBODIUM Lobbii, 



Beer, in BnlbophijUum Lob- 

 bii. 



SARCOCOCCA (fleshy 

 berry). Utiphorbidcece. To 

 this genus is to be referred 

 Pachy Sandra coriacea, 

 Hook., a small shrub from 

 India, sometimes cultivated 

 in Europe but not known to 

 be in the American trade. 

 It has simple plum-like lvs. 

 and short, axillary racemes 

 of small yellowish fls., and 

 a small purple plum-like 

 fruit. Its proper name is 

 S. prunifbrmis, Lindl. (S. 

 saligna, Muell. S. salici- 

 fblia, Baill. S. coridcea, 

 Sweet). It is treated as a 

 cool greenhouse plant. B.R. 

 12:1012. 



SARCODES (Greek, 

 flesh-like). Ericdcew. 

 S arc odes sanguinea, 

 Torr. (Fig. 2252), is the 

 Snow Plant of the Sierra 

 Nevadas. It is a low 

 and fleshy plant growing 

 3-12 in. high and entirely 

 devoid of green leaves. It 

 belongs to that strange 

 group of the heath fam- 

 ily which comprises the 

 fleshy and parasitic 

 plants, of which our In- 

 dian pipe or corpse-plant is an example. Few species 

 are known in this suborder, and they are all local or rare. 



The Snow Plant derives its popular name from its 

 habit of shooting up and blossoming as soon as the 

 snow melts away in the spring. The specific name san- 

 guinea refers to the blood-red color of the entire plant. 

 The Snow Plant grows at an altitude of 4,000 to 9,000 

 feet. It is the only species of the genus, and is not 

 known to be in cultivation. 



SARRACfiNIA (Dr. Jean Antoine Sarrazin, an early 

 botanist of Quebec, who sent S. purpurea to Tourne- 

 fort). Sarracenidceoe. Pitcher Plant. Side-saddle 



2252. Snow plant— Sarcodes san- 

 guinea. Natural size. 



