SASSAFRAS 



SAVORY 



1617 



2255. Sassafras tree. 



planted when old on account of its long tap-roots. 

 Prop, by seeds sown as soon as ripe; also by suckers, 

 which are often freely produced, and by root-cuttings. 

 One species in eastern N. America. Fls. dioecious, 

 rarely perfect, apetalous; calyx 6-parted; stamens 9, the 



3 inner ones furnished 

 at the base with 2- 

 stalked, orange-colored 

 glands; anthers open- 

 ing, with 4 valves: 

 ovary superior, 1- 

 loculed: fr. an oblong- 

 ovoid, 1-seeded, dark 

 blue drupe surrounded 

 at the base by the thick- 

 ened scarlet calyx. 



officind,le, Nees {S. 

 Sassafras, Karst. S. 

 cariifblium, Kuntze. 

 Laurtis Sassafras, 

 Linn.). Pigs. 2255 

 (winter tree), 2256. 

 Tree, 30-GO, or occa- 

 sionally 90 ft. high ; 

 young branches bright 

 green : Ivs. oval and 

 entire, or 3-lobed al- 

 most to the middle, 

 obtusish, silky-pubes- 

 cent when young, gla- 

 brous at length, 3-4 in. long: fls. yellow, 34 in. across, 

 in several -fid. racemes, umbellate when unfolding, 

 afterward at the base of the young branchlets: fr. K 

 in. high. April, Mav. Mass. to Ont. and Mich., south to 

 Fla. andTex. S.S. "7:304-305. Em. 2:360. G.F. 7:215. 

 Gn. 31, p. 449. Alfred Rehder. 



SATIN FLOWER. See Sisyrincltium. 



SATURfilA, or SATUREJA. See Savory. 



SAUNDERS, WILLIAM (Plate XLVI), horticulturist 

 and landscape gardener, was born at St. Andrews, 

 Scotland, in 1822; emigrated to America in 1848; was 

 appointed botanist and superintendent of propagating 

 gardens, U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1862, and 

 died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 11, 1900. When Mr. 

 Saunders first came to America he served as gardener 

 in a number of places, first at New Haven, Conn., and 

 later near Germantown, Pa. He was instrumental at 

 this time in the improvement of a number of import- 

 ant private and public properties, such as Clifton Park 

 in Baltimore, an estate of 400 acres; Fairmount and 

 Hunting Parks in Philadelphia, and cemeteries at Am- 

 boy and Rahway, New Jersey. Mr. Saunders' most im- 

 portant piece of work in landscape gardening was in 

 connection with the planting and laying out of the 

 Gettysburg Cemetery. Soon after finishing this work, 

 he took up his duties as superintendent of the gardens 

 and grounds of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

 Through his efforts much was done towards beautify- 

 ing the streets of Washington in the planting of trees 

 and the improvement of the parks. The grounds of the 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture were laid out and 

 planted by Mr. Saunders, and for a number of years 

 after the work was inaiigurated he was activelj' en- 

 gaged in introducing plants from all over the world, 

 testing the same and making distributions wherever it 

 was thought they might succeed. One of the most im- 

 ]> )rtant of his introductions was the navel orange, 

 which was first called to his attention by a woman from 

 Bahia, Brazil, about 1869. Mr. Saunders secured about 

 a dozen budded trees and planted them in the green- 

 houses at Washington. Soon after some of the bud 

 wood was distributed in California, and these few trees 

 formed the nucleus for the large plantings of the navel 

 oranges now at Riverside and elsewhere. While Mr. 

 Saunders had been known best as a horticulturist, he 

 was prominently identified with many other important 

 movements looking toward the advancement of agricul- 

 ture in this country. As early as 1855 he was actively 

 engaged in an effort to organize an association of farm- 

 ers, and this work eventually resulted in the forma- 

 tion of the Grange, of which he is often called the 



father. His sturdy character, sympathetic nature and 

 kindly disposition endeared him to all who came in 

 contact with him. b. T. Galloway. 



SAUROMATUM (saura, lizard; referring to the 

 spotted flower). Arctcea?. Perennial herbs, with uni- 

 sexual naked fls. Tubers bearing a single pedute leaf 

 one year, the next year Ivs. and fls. : petioles cylindrical, 

 spotted below: blade pedately parted; peduncle short: 

 spathe soon withering, its tube oblong, swollen at the 

 base, more or less connate, its blade or banner long- 

 lanceolate, black-purple, variously spotted. Species 6. 

 India, Java and Trop. Africa. DC. Mon. Phaner. vol. 2. 



The following are hardy bulbous plants, with large 

 and curious flowers. The fls. are produced from Jan. 

 until June, and the bulbs have kept well in a dry state 

 for a year. There is little danger of the bulbs shrivel- 

 ing or rotting. Plant them 6 in. deep in pots or in the 

 garden. Easily managed by the amateur. 



gutteltum, Schott. Petioles 3 ft. long, not spotted ; 

 leaf - segments 6-8 in. long, 2-3 in. wide, the lateral 

 smaller: spathe-tube green on the back, 4 in. long, the 

 upper third narrowed; blade 12 in. long, 2 in. wide be- 

 low, gradually narrowing above, olive - green on the 

 back, yellowisli green within, with dense, irregular 

 black-purple spots. Himalayas. B.R. 12:1017 (as ^rww* 

 venosum). 



vendsum, Schott. (S. SimUnse, Schott.). Petioles 

 spotted, 3K ft. long; leaf-segments 8-10 in. long, 4 in. 

 wide, the lateral smaller : spathe-tube 3-4 in. long, 

 purple on the back: blade 14-16 in. long, 3 in. wide be- 

 low, about 1 in. wide from the middle to the apex, pur- 

 ple on the back, yellow within and with crowded oblong 

 purple or black spots. Himalayas. B.M. 4465 and F.S. 

 13:1334 (both erroneously as S. guttatnm). 



Jared G. Smith. 



SAUR&RUS (Greek, lizard's tail; referring to the 

 curve of the spike of fls.). PiperdcecF. The Lizard's 

 Tail is a hardy perennial herb suitable for the bog gar- 

 den. It has been offered by several dealers in native 

 plants. It grows in swamps, has heart-shaped leaves, 

 and bears, from June to Aug., small white fragrant 

 flowers in a dense terminal spike, the upper part of 

 which arches or nods gracefully. Herbs with jointed 

 stems, alternate, entire Ivs. and perfect fls. in spikes, 

 entirely destitute of 

 floral envelopes and 

 with 3-4 ovaries : sta- 

 mens mostly 6 or 7: 

 fr. somewhat fleshy, 

 wrinkled; carpels 3- 

 4, indehiscent, united 

 at base. 



c^rnuus, Linn. Liz- 

 ard's Tail. Fig. 

 2257. Height 2-5 ft. : 

 Ivs. petioled,ribs con- 

 verging. Conn, to 

 Ont., Minn., Mo. and 

 southward. B.B. 

 1:482. w. M. 



SAVIN. J uni pe- 

 rns Sabina and J. 

 Virginiana. 



SAVORY. Sum- 

 mer Savory is Sat- 

 ureia hortensis , Linn. 

 Labiates. Cultivated in kitchen gardens for its aromatic 

 green parts, which are gathered in midsummer for flav- 

 oring meat, dressings and other culinary preparations. 

 The slender, errect, branching, herbaceous stems, 10-12 

 in. tall, bear soft, narrow, green leaves and clusters of 

 pink, purplish orwhite flowers in summer, which are fol- 

 lowed by brown ovoid seeds whose vitality lasts three 

 years. Propagation is by means of seed, which is sown in 

 drills 12-18 in apart in April or May in light, mellow, well- 

 drained loam of moderate richness. When 2-3 in. tall the 

 plants are thinned to 5 or 6 in. asunder, or for early crop 

 they may be transplanted from hotbeds sown in March. 



Winter Savory (S. montana, Linn.) is a hardy Euro- 

 pean perennial species, having much the qualities of 



2256. Sassafras officinale (X ^). 



