SOLAN UM 



SOLENANTHUS 



1681 



and wait. Every cutting will grow. When in a robust 

 condition it is a gross feeder. It should be in the full 

 sun, though it does well anywhere." 



S. hetaceum, Cav., is Oyphomamlra, for which see Vol. \.—S. 

 cemuum, Velloz., is a shrub or small tree, witli cyphomandra- 

 like Ivs. and the young parts clothed with chaffy liairs: fls. 

 white: fr. globose, hairy, inclosed in tlie calyx. S. Brazil. B.M. 

 7491. — S. cilidtum. Lam. fStout herl) or svibshnib, 1-2 ft. tall, 

 with prickly stems and ovate acute-lobod Ivs.: tls. white, 1 in. 



2342. Solanum Wendlandii. Much reduced. 



or less across: fr. 2 in. or more across, flattened on the ends, 

 corrugated, scarlet, showy. Porto Rico. F.S. 19:1988. F.M. 

 1871:521. R.B. 20, p. 249. R.H. 1888, p. 78. Perhaps a form of 

 S. aculeatissimum, Ja.cci.—S. cornutum. Lam. (S. Fontanesia- 

 num, Hort.). Annual, 1-2 ft., very spiny, with pinnatifid Ivs., 

 the lobes again lobed and obtuse; fls. golden yellow: fr. small, 

 spiny. Mex. G.O. III. 22:311.— *'. crfspujn, Ruiz & Pav. Erect 

 or half-climbing woody shrub, with simple ovate-oblong entire 

 or undulate Ivs., and large clusters of pale purple red-ribbed fls. 

 an inch across. Chile. B.M. 3795. B.R. 18:1516. L.B.C. 20:1959. 

 Gn. 44:919; 51, p. 230. Half-hardy very beautiful climber.- ^S. 

 Dulcamara, Linn. Bittersweet. Scrambling vine of the Old 

 World, but naturalized about dwellings and along roads and 

 even in swamps: Ivs. cordate-ovate, some of them ear-lobed at 

 the base : fls. small, nodding, star-like, blue, succeeded by 

 showy oblong red shining herries.— S. pensile, Sendt. Climber, 

 allied to S. Dulcamara: Ivs. cordate-ovate, simple and entire: 

 fls. blue, 1 in. across, deeply lobed, in long panicles or racemes: 

 berry globose, size of a pea, purple. Guiana and the Amazon. 

 B.M. 7062.— "/S. Pierrearmm. South America. Very interest- 

 ing and pretty for its fruits striped different colors." Fran- 

 ceschi. L. jj. B. 



S0LDAN£LLA (Latin, a small coin; referring to the 

 shape of the Ivs.). PrimulUcew . About 4 species of 

 alpine plants 2-3 in. high, with nodding, funnel-shaped, 

 fringed flowers of violet or purplish blue, and about ]4- 

 y^ in. across. Soldanellas are amongst the most famous 

 flowers of the Alps, though not the commonest. S. al- 

 pina ascends the mountains to the line of perpetual 

 snow. Grant Allen, in "Flashlights on Nature," de- 

 clares that the flower of Soldanella actually thaws its 

 way up through a solid block of ice. Soldanellas are 

 cultivated in this country only in a few large rock gar- 

 dens. Those who have limited resources and dwell in 

 the region of changeable winters might attempt to grow 

 these plants in pots under a frame in lieu of nature's 

 winter covering. According to J. B. Keller, they prefer 

 a half -shady or shady position and are prop, by seed or 

 division. 



Soldanellas are native only to the Alps of middle 

 Europe. They are slender, glabrous, perennial herbs, 

 with short rhizomes: Ivs. long-stalked, thick, roundish, 

 with a heart-shaped or kidney-shaped base, entire: 

 scapes slender, solitary or few, about 6 in. high or less: 

 calyx 5-parted; corolla 5-cut. The descriptions of the 



species are here adopted from Koch's Synopsis Florse 

 Germanicse. Some white-flowered forms have been re- 

 corded. 



A. Fls. 2-4 on a scape : corolla split half way to the 



base; filaments half as long as anthers. 



B. Pedicels jmhescent. 



mont^na, Willd. Lvs. roundish; margin slightly and 

 remotely crenate: fls. violet. May-July. 



BB. Pedicels roughish. 



alplna, Linn. Fig. 2343. Lvs. roundish; base more 

 or less kidney -shaped; margin entire or somewhat 

 wavy: fls. violet, with darker streaks. May. B.M. 49. 

 G.C. II. 24:457. 



AA. Fls. solitary : corolla split a third of the way to 

 the base: filaments about as long as anthers. 



B. Pedicels roiighish. 



pusilla, Baumg. Base of lvs. heart-shaped or kidney- 

 shaped; margin somewhat wavy: fls. copper-colored, 

 verging on blue, the fringes straight, not spreading. 

 May. 



BB. Pedicels pubescent. 



minima, Hoppe. Lvs. roundish: fls pale lilac, streaked 

 purple inside; the fringes spreading at the tips. June, 

 July. ^ jyi. 



SOLEA (after W. Sole, author of a monograph of the 

 mints of England). Viol&cem. A single species native 

 to the eastern U. S., an herbaceous perennial 1-2 ft. high, 

 with mostly oblong, narrowly acuminate leaves 3-5 in. 

 long, and small nodding greenish flowers solitary or in 

 pairs in many of the leaf-axils : sepals linear and equal ; 

 petals nearly equal, connivent nearly their entire length, 

 the lower one much larger, saccate at the base, emargi- 

 nate at the broad apex; stamens with broad connectives 

 wholly connate into an ovoid sac open only between the 

 free tips, a rounded or 2-lobed scale-like gland adnate 

 to the base anteriorly. 



c6ncoIor, Ging. (lonidium concolor, Benth. & Hook.). 

 May, June. Moist woods. B.B. 2:456. — Is offered by 



collectors. 



F. W. Barclay. 



SOLENANTHUS (Greek, tube and flower; referring 

 to the form of the corolla). Borrnqinclcece. About 15 

 species of perennial herbs from Europe and Asia with 

 alternate leaves and blue or rosy flowers either in long, 



2343. Soldanella alpina (X >^). 



simple, bracted racemes or in shorter, bractless, scir- 

 pioid, panicled racemes: calyx 5-parted; segments nar- 

 row, but little enlarged in fruit; corolla tubular, the 

 lobes short, erect or somewhat spreading; stamens ex- 

 serted: ovary-lobes 4, distinct: nutlets 4. 



