1750 



STYRAX 



SWAIN SON A 



cc. Pedicels %-l in. long, glabrous. 



Jap6nica, Sieb. & Zucc. Fig. 2439. Shrub or small 

 tree, becoming 30 ft. high, with slender spreading 

 branches: young branch lets and lvs. with stellate pu- 

 bescence, which soon disappears: lvs. broadly elliptic to 

 elliptic-lanceolate, acute at both ends, often acuminate, 

 crenately serrulate, glabrous, 1-3 in. long: fls. pendu- 

 lous, in 3-G-fld. glabrous racemes; corolla about )4 m * 

 long, with slightly spreading, elliptic, tomentulose petals ; 

 calyx usually with short and broad, obtuse teeth. 

 June, July. Jap., China. S.Z. 1:23. Gt. 17:583. B.M. 

 5950 (as 8. serrulatum). M.D.G. 1899:229, 230. 



S. B&nzoin, Dryand. Small tree, allied to S. Japonica: lvs. 

 Stellate-tomentose beneath, also pedicels and calyx. Malay 

 Archip. — S. officinalis, Linn. Closely allied to S. California: 

 petals 5-7; stamens connate only at the base. Mediterr. region. 

 — 8. platanifolia. Engelm. Allied to S. Californica: almost 

 glabrous: lvs. undulate or irregularly siimately lobed. Texas. 

 —S. pulveruUnta, Miehx. Low shrub, allied to S. Americana, 

 but lvs. stellate-pubescent when young: fls. fragrant, on short, 

 tomentose pedicels. S. Va. to Fla- and Tex. B.B. 2:599.— i". 

 semdata, Roxb. Shrub or tree, 40 ft. high, allied to S. Ameri- 

 cana: lvs. usually elliptic-oblong, acuminate, distinctly serru- 

 late: fls. short-pediceled, in 5-10-rld. short racemes; calyx and 

 pedicels tomentose. E. India. ALFRED REHDER. 



SUCCORY. Another name for Chicory. 



SUCCULENTS are desert plants that live on a mini- 

 mum of moisture. Kitchen vegetables are said to be 

 "succulent " when they are tender, sappy, full of juice, 

 — as lettuce or cucumbers, hi ornamental gardening 

 "Succulents" are such tough and dry plants as cacti 

 and century plants. The cacti are typical Succulents, 

 as they represent a botanical family created by ages 

 of desert life. Even in flower and fruit the cacti are 

 much removed from other botanical families, and in 

 the structure of their vegetable parts they are highly 

 specialized to accord with desert conditions. Near to 

 cacti, botanically, are supposed to be the ficoidese, of 

 which the large genus Mesembryanthemum is most im- 

 portant. The family Crassulacea 1 contains many fleshy 

 or succulent plants, the most important genera of which 

 are mentioned under Crassula. Other families that have 

 left survivors in the desert, though greatly altered in 

 appearance and habits of life, are the lily family, e. g. , 

 Agave and Aloe; the spurge family, e. g., Euphorbia ; 

 the milkweed family, e. g., Stapelia ; the purslane 

 family, e. g., Portulaca, and among composites certain 

 species of Senecio, Kleinia and Hertia. Rumpler's Die 

 Sukkulenten, Berlin, 1892, is an illustrated book of 203 

 pages covering the above ground, mostly from the bo- 

 tanical side. Nearly all the good cultural hooks on cacti 

 notice the succulent plants of other families. In this 

 work consult Cacti and the various genera indicated 

 above. See also special books published in Europe. 

 There is no special American book literature, iff jj^ 



SUGAR APPLE. Annua squamosa. 



SUGAR BERRY. Celtis occidentalis, 



SUGAR BUSH. In some English books this name 

 refers to Protea mellifera, a plant not cult, in America. 

 In the U. S., Sugar Bush, or Sugar Orchard, refers to 

 a grove of sugar maples. 



SUGAR CANE. See Saccharum. 



SUKSD6RFIA violacea, Gray, and Sullivantia Ore- 

 gana, S. Watson, are two small perennial herbs of the 

 saxifrage family native to the Columbia river region. 

 They were once offered by western collectors but are 

 not known to be in cultivation. They are fully described 

 in Proc. Am. Acad. Arts. Sci., the former in 15:41, the 

 latter 14:292. 



SUMACH. See Rhus. 



SUNDEW. Dmsera. 



SUNDROP. Ydlow - flowered diurnal primroses (see 

 Primula); also Oenothera fruticosa. 



SUNFLOWER. Species of Helianihus. The common 

 Sunflower of gardens is Helianihus annuus. This js 



grown for ornament, and the seeds (fruits) are also 

 used as poultry food. Sunflower oil, produced in Rus- 

 sia, is used in salads. See Bull. (JO, Piv. of Chemistry, 

 U. S. Dept. of Agric. , by Harvey W.Wiley, on f < The Sun- 

 flower Plant, its Cultivation, Composition and Uses," 1901. 



SUN ROSE. Belianthemum. 



SURINAM CHERRY. Eugenia Michclii. 



SUTHERLANDIA (James Sutherland, one of the 

 earliest superintendents of the Edinburgh Botanic Gar- 

 dens, author of "Hortus Medicus Edinburgeusis," 1683). 

 Legumindscs. Sutherlandia frutescenSj the Bladder 

 Senna of the Cape, might be roughly described as a red- 

 flowered Swainsona. It is a tender shrub said to grow 

 3 ft. high or more in South Africa. Each leaf is com- 

 posed of about 9-11 pairs of leaflets and an odd one. 

 The fls. are bright scarlet, drooping and in the best va- 

 riety an inch or more long. The blossoms are not pea- 

 shaped; the standard is oblong, with reflexed sides; 

 the keel is longer than the standard, and the wings are 

 very short. The fls. are numerous and borne in axillary 

 racemes, 5-11 in a raceme. An interesting feature of 

 the plant is its large bladder-like pod, which sometimes 

 measures 2KxlM inches. 



Botanically Sutherlandia is very imperfectly under- 

 stood. There are at most 5 species, or 6'. frutescens may 

 prove to be the only one. Generic characters: fls. as 

 described above; calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; stamens 

 9 and 1: ovary stalked, many-ovuled; style bearded: 

 pod many-seeded, indehiscent: seeds reniform. 



At the Cape S. frutescens runs into two forms. The 

 common or typical one has the leaflets glabrous above, 

 while in the seaside form, var. tomentosa, they are sil- 

 very white on both sides. In cultivation there seem to 

 be three forms: (1) the typical species, which is gener- 

 ally treated as an annual in France. (If Sutherlandias 

 are kept for several years in a greenhouse the plants 

 become woody and unsightly and lose some of their 

 foliage. Young, compact and bushy specimens are pre- 

 ferred.) (2) A form with larger red fls. (var. grandi- 

 flora ), which in France at least does not flower until the 

 second vear. (•*) A white-fld. form, which is probably one 

 of two different things cultivated under the name of S. 

 floribunda, hut which is here called S. frutescens, var. 

 alba. 



Sutherlandias are highly esteemed by French connois- 

 seurs. They are propagated by seeds and are said to be 

 readily raised by cuttings. Seeds of the typical form are 

 sown in March or April under glass and the plants bloom 

 the same summer for several months. They seem to be 

 usually kept in pots for the decoration of verandas, 

 terraces, etc., but could probably be grown in the open 

 border during summer. The seeds of var. grandiflora 

 are generally sown in June or July, and the plants 

 wintered in a greenhouse. They bloom toward the end 

 of May, which is earlier than the typical forms. For 

 winter treatment the French advise very moderate water- 

 ing and as much air and light as possible. In America 

 the Sutherlandias seem to be known only in California, 

 though au eastern dealer has recently offered one under 

 the name of "Scarlet Bush." The var. grandiflora is 

 worthy of trial by northern florists. Flora Capensis 

 2:212. The species is hardy at San Francisco. 



frutescens, R. Br. Bladder Senna of the Cape. 

 Tender South African red-fld. shrub described above. 

 Harvey calls the typical form var. communis; it has 

 lfts. glabrous above, elliptical or oblong: ovaries and 

 pods glabrous. B.M. 181 (as Colutea frutescens). R.H. 

 1896, p. 206. Var. tomentosa, Harv. Lfts. shorter and 

 broader, obovate or obcordate, silvery white on both 

 sides: ovaries and pods hispid. Var. grandiflora, Hort. 

 (S. floribunda , C;irr., not Vilm.), has large red fls. and 

 does not bloom until the second year. R.H. 1871:610. 

 Var. alba ( S. floribunda, Vilm., not Carr.) has white fls. 

 Ernest Braunton, of Los Angeles, received in 1900 a plant 

 called S. spectabilis, of which little is known, y^, _j\ j _ 



SUWARRO. Cereus giganteus. 



SWAINSONA (Isaac Swainson, an English horti- 

 culturist of the latter part of the eighteenth century). 

 Often spelled S wain son ia . Legion indsce. About 25 



