SYMPLOCOS 



SYBINGA 



1759 





branches pubescent: lvs. short-petioled, oval orohovate 

 to oblong-obovate, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate, 

 distinctly veined beneath and more or less pubescent at 

 the veins, rarely glabrous, VA-'i in. long: fls. white, 

 fragrant, %-% in. across, with spreading oblong-oval 

 petals in panicles Hi-3 in. long: fr. usually 1-seeded, 

 oval, blue, about % in. high. May, June. Himalayas 

 to China and Japan. G.F. 5:89. M.D.G. 1901:100, 101. 



S. coccinea, Humb. & Bonpl. Evergreen tree: lvs. oblong, 

 acuminate, crenulate, 3-5 in. long: fls. solitary. ;t\ill:u-y, pink. 

 1 in. across, with 10 petals. Spring. Mexico. K. 11. 1X46:281, 

 F.S. 2:133.— S. Japdnica, DC. (S. lucida, Sieb. & Zuec). Ever- 

 green shrub or small tree, 20 ft. high: lvs. elliptic to oblong, 

 acute, remotely serrate, glabrous, 2-3 in. long: fls. yellowish, 

 in short, few-fld. racemes: fr. oblong, red. Spring. Japan. 

 S.Z. 1:24. A shrub which has been distributed from several 

 botanic gardens under the name of S. Japonlca has proved to 

 be Pyracantha erenulata.— S. Sinica, Ker. Deciduous shrub, 

 closely allied to S. cratsegoides: lvs. elliptic, acute, serrate, 

 pubescent on both sides, lM-2 in. long: fls. white, in short 

 panicles; calyx-teeth acute. May, June. China. B.R. 9:710. — 

 S. Sunuintia, Buch.-Ham. Small evergreen tree: lvs. oblong- 

 elliptic, acuminate, cuneate at the base, serrulate, glabrous, 

 3-5 in. long: fls. white, in short racemes: fr. oblong. Himal. 

 Gt. 31:1073.— 8. tinctdria, L'HSrit. Sweet Leaf. Horse 

 Sugar. Half-evergreen shrub or small tree, attaining 18 ft.: 

 lvs. oblong, acute, obscurely serrate, pubescent beneath, 3-5 in. 

 long: fls. yellowish, fragrant, in axillary, dense clusters: fr. 

 oblong, % in. long, orange-brown. Spring. Del. to Fla. and 

 La. S.S. 6:255, 256. ALFRED REHDER. 



SYNADENIUM (Greek name, indicating the united 

 glands). Euphorbiacew. A genus of 3 species of some- 

 what succulent shrubs of Madagascar and tropical Af- 

 rica, differing from Euphorbia in having the glands of 

 the involucre united into a ring. 



Grantii, Hook. Smooth, thick-branched, 6-10 ft. : lvs. 

 ovate-spatulate, 3^1 in. long: dichotomous cymes with 

 red involucres. Tropical Africa. B.M. 5633. — Some- 

 times cultivated with succulents in botanic gardens. 



5. arborescens, Boiss., has yellow involucres. B.M. 7184. 

 J. B. S. Norton. 



SYNCAKPIA (Greek, together and fruit, referring to 

 the head-like clusters of capsules). Myrtacew. Two 

 species of Australian trees with opposite, ovate, penni- 

 nerved, evergreen leaves and rather small white flow- 

 ers in dense, globular heads either solitary in the axils 

 or in terminal panicles: calyx-tube adnate to base of 

 ovary, the free part erect or dilated with usually 4 per- 

 sistent lobes; petals generally 4, spreading; stamens 

 many, free: ovary inferior, 2-3-loculed; ovules 1-several 

 to each cell; seeds linear-cuneate. 



lauriidlia, Tenore. Turpentine Tree. Lvs. broadly 

 ovate to elliptic-oblong, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 

 2-3 in. long, often appearing as if in whorls of 4: fls. 

 6-10 in a head, with 2—4 bracts of variable size under 

 the head; calices connate at the base; petals broadly 

 ovate or orbicular, less than 2 lines long: ovary 3- 

 loculed; ovules several to each locule. — According to 

 Von Mueller's "Select Extra-tropical Plants," this tree 

 attains a height of 200 ft., with a trunk often 30 ft. in 

 circumference; it is of quick growth and well adapted 

 for a shade tree. The wood is very durable and almost 

 fireproof and is valuable for piles, railway sleepers and 

 shipbuilding. It takes a high polish and is used for 

 flooring and cabinet work. Offered in S. Calif. 



P. W. Barclay. 



SYNDESMON (Greek, bound together, because the 

 plant unites characters of Thalictrum and Anemone). 

 Banunculacem. Rue Anemone. A monotypic genus of 

 eastern North America. Glabrous perennial herb from 

 a cluster of tuberous roots: basal lvs. 2-3-ternately 

 compound : involucre similar but sessile, the lfts. be- 

 ing stalked: fls. white or pink, in an umbel; pedicels 

 slender; sepals thin; petals none; stigma sessile, trun- 

 cate: akenes terete, deeply grooved. The more com- 

 mon generic name is Anemonella, which dates from 

 1839, but Syndesmon was used in 1832. The plants 

 should be grown in partial shade and in light moist soil, 

 where they should be left undisturbed for years. They 

 will then form a carpet of great beauty. Prop, by divi- 

 sion of roots in spring or fall. 



thalictroldes, Hoffmg. (Anemdne thalictroldes, Tlia- 

 liitrum anemonoldes, Michx.). Plant 3-6 in. high: lvs. 



much like those of Thalictrum: fls. resembling those of 

 Anemone quinquefolia , appearing before the basal 

 leaves. March-June. Common in woods and open 

 fields. L.B.C. 10:964. Gn. 35:699. B.M. 866. I.H. 

 6:211. — Var. flore-pleno, Hort. Flowers double. Very 

 pretty. L.B.C. 8:770. F.S. 11:1155. R.B. 11:205. 



K. C. Davis. 



SYNG0NIUM (Greek name, said to refer to the co- 

 hesion of the ovaries). Aracew. About 10 species of 

 tropical American woody climbing or creeping plants, 

 with milky juice and stems rooting and leaf -bearing at 

 the nodes: lvs. sagittate, becoming with age pedately 

 5-9-parted, on long petioles, with a persistent accres- 

 cent sheath : peduncles short : spathe yellowish or 

 whitish green; tube small, ovoid, persistent: spadix 

 shorter than the spathe: staminate fls. with 3—4 stamens, 

 pistillate fl. with oblong-ovoid 2 or abortively 1-loculed 

 ovary; seeds solitary in thelocules, obovoid or globose, 

 black. All the aroids are monographed in Latin in DC. 

 Mon. Phan. vol. 2, 1879. 



podophyllum, Schott. A tender creeping plant: lvs. 

 becoming 5-7-pinnatisect, 4-6 in. long; petioles becom- 

 ing 15-20 in. long: tube of the spathe 1-1 54 in. long: 

 blade of the spathe 2% in. long, greenish outside, white 

 within. The typical form is probably not in cult. 



Var. albolineatum, Engl. (S. albolineatnm, Bull.), 

 has whitish costse and lateral nerves. Offered by John 

 Saul, 1893, presumably as a tender foliage plant. 



F. W. Barclay. 



SYNTHYHIS (Greek, together and little door or valve, 

 the valves of the capsule long adhering below to the 

 short placentiferous axis). ScrophulariAcea'. Six spe- 

 cies of hardy herbaceous perennials, native to western 

 North America. S. reniformis is a tufted plant bearing 

 a few scapes about a foot high. The inflorescence is a 

 raceme about 5 in. long with about 40 purple-blue fls. 

 each % of an inch across. In England this plant is 

 considered a winter bloomer; it flowers there in Feb- 

 ruary or March, occasionally November. 



Synthyris is nearly related to Wulfenia of southeast- 

 ern Europe and the Himalayas, but the anther-cells are 

 not confluent and the seeds are discoidal. In their na- 

 tive region they are summer-blooming plants with small 

 purplish or flesh-colored spikes or racemes. Generic 

 characters: Plants glabrous or pilose: rhizome thick: 

 radical lvs. petioled, ovate or oblong and crenate or 

 incised-pinnatisect: calyx 4-parted; corolla-tube very 

 short; lobes 4 or none; stamens 2; style entire at apex: 

 capsule compressed. 



renif6rmis, Benth. Larger and stouter plant than the 

 next, with more acutely cut, leathery lvs., longer 

 and stouter scape and raceme, shorter pedicels, narrow 

 sepals and corolla-lobes, a globose corolla-tube and more 

 seeds in the cells. Ore. to Wash. Introduced by Wool- 

 son, Passaic, N. J. 



rotundiidlia, Gray. Smaller, with weak, slender scape 

 3—1 in. high, shorter than the membranous, broadly 

 crenate lvs., a small few-fld. raceme, broader sepals and 

 corolla-lobes, fewer seeds in the cells and capsule di- 

 varicately 2-lobed instead of merely emarginate. Shady 

 coniferous woods of Oregon. Offered in 1881 by Edward 

 Gillett. sk. jj. 



SYRfNGA (of doubtful meaning; probably from 

 syrinx, pipe, because pipes are easily made from the 

 straight stems of Philadelphus by removing the pith, 

 and the name Syringa had been originally applied to 

 Philadelphus, but was transferred afterwards to the 

 Lilac). Ole&cece. Lilac. Ornamental deciduous shrubs 

 or rarely trees, with opposite, slender-petioled, entire 

 lvs. and lilac, purple or white fls. in large and showy 

 upright panicles. The Lilacs are among our most 

 popular and ornamental flowering shrubs, and hardly 

 any garden or park is found without them. The fra- 

 grance of the common Lilac is very sweet, as also of 

 Syringa oblata and S. pubescent. The strong odor of 

 Sf. CMnensis is not agreeable to every one. S. villosa 

 and Josikaa are almost scentless. *S. Amurensis and 

 its allies have only a slight odor similar to that of the 

 Privet. Almost all species are hardy north. S. villosa, 

 var. Emodi, is somewhat tender north. 



