1822 



Pie 



id effort in that directi, 

 .•iii« and Machinery," IS 

 s illustrating various fa 

 veniences" and Martin's " Fi 

 lished by the Orange Judd C 



is Thomas' " Farm Im- 

 and 1809. Useful hand- 

 del ices ;ir<' " Farm < !on- 

 i Appliances," both pub- 

 pany. L. II. B. 



2331. Two types of tools lor preparing the surface soi'. 

 The spike-tooth and spring-tooth harrow-. 



TOOTHACHE TREE. See Xanthoxylum. 

 T00THW0RT. English-made name for Dentaria. 

 TORCH LILY. Kniphofia 



TORENIA (after Olaf Toren. clergvman; traveled in 

 China 1750-52 and discovered V. dsiatica). Scrophula- 

 ri&cea. About 20 species of annual or perennial herbs. 



stly low, branching and somewhat decumbent, with 



simple, opposite, serrate or crenate leaves and tubular, 



s what2-lipped flowers in terminal or axillarv, few- 



fld. racemes. The species are mainly from tropical 



Asia and Africa. Calvs tubular, plicat ■ 3 Swinged, 



obliquely 3-5-dentate or 2 lipped al the top; corolla- 

 tube cylindrical, usually much wider above; posterior 

 lip erect, broad, concave, notched or more deeply cut; 

 lower lip large, spreading, with :: nearlj equal lobes; 

 stain, us I. perfect; capsule oblong; seeds numerous, 

 small. 



Torenias are of easy cultivation and are very useful 

 for window-boxes, low borders or even for large masses. 

 The I]. .w.-rs are not large but the plants are floriferous 



and keep in g I leaf and flowers from spring to frost. 



T. Fournieri has the best habit for a bedding plant, 

 but it may be bordered with T. flora. The plants are 

 easily raised from seed, but may also be grown from 

 cuttings, which root quickly. 



2532. The h 



Fls 



ily yellow. 



flava, Bueh.-Ham. (T. Bailloni, Godefr.). Usually 

 decumbent and creeping; Ivs. 1-2 in. long, ovate to ob- 

 long, coarsely crenate; petiole half as long as the blade 

 or less; lis. axillary and solitary or scattered at the 

 ends of the branches in pairs on an erect rachia; fo- 



llow beneath; cort.Ua 

 purple eye. India and 



rolla-tube red - purple above, ■ 

 limb bright golden yellow with 

 E. Asia. B.M. 6700, F. 1883:55 



AA. Fls. mainly blue or while. 



Asiatica, Linn Annual, erect or diffuse; st.-in quad- 

 rangular; Ivs. ovate or ovate - lanceolate, long-acumi- 

 nate, -■ rrate, obtuse, not cordate at the base, rough to 

 the touch : peduncles axillarv. single-fld. : corolla large; 

 tube dark purple; limb 4-lobed, of a delicate pale pur- 

 ple-blue, with a .lark blotch on :i of the lobes, without a 

 yellow eye; stamens I, the 2 longer with a subulate 

 spur. India. B.M. 424U. 



Fournieri, Linden (V. eitfutitla, II. .ft., not Benth.). 



Fig. 2534. Low, busln . usually annual, hi mini: nearly 



1 ft. high: si. -in 4-anglfd: Ivs. petioled, cordate-lanceo- 

 late, 1 -I ' • in. long, crenate-serrate; petiole ii m. long; 



... r..lla tnl... narrow, yellow; olla-limb 2-lipped, the 



posterior lip not nit, pah- blue, the anterior 3-lobed: 

 lobes round obtuse, .lark purplish blue, Hit- anterior 

 lobe marked with a vellow blotch. 1. II. 2:1:24:1. K.H. 

 1876, p. 4C5. B.M. C747.— Var. alba, II. .n. (var. White 

 Wings) has pur., wlni.. flowers. A.F. 5:401. G.M. 3G 87. 

 Var. grandiflora lias somewhat larger lis. an. I is more 



free-flowering. In the neigl rhood of Philadelphia, 



self-sown s.-...i sometimes germinates in the spring; 



also 



To 



■ds of V. fla 



llt\ 



.Ir.-.ls 



ri in Florida 



Whirl, Is CU 



Young plan 

 old 



F. W. Barclay. 

 an excellent substi- 



it ill v with diffi- 



■ ni. ■ up by the hun- 



plants from self-sown 

 seed during the rainy 

 season. The species 

 ran also be propagated 

 with great ease by cut- 

 tings. Thr Torcnia 

 shows its lull beaut\ 

 when planted in beds 

 or borders or in masses 

 in front of small ever 

 green shrubs. Ii flow 

 ers al.un.lantlx 



ih 



best 



lat( 



Th 



tained by treating it 



as an annual. Ally 



g I :m. I rich lighf 



soil seems to meet its 

 requirements. It suc- 

 ceeds almost »■ v e ry- 

 where hut p re f e r s 

 shad.- and moisture. 

 It even grows luxuri- 

 antly- in wot places 

 along ditches ami water-courses ' 

 grow in tlir North. If such localiti 

 shady, th.. flowers, though much la 

 duced as abundantly nor are they 



2534. Torenia Fo 

 Detached flower ( - %). 



forget-me-nots 

 'ever, are very 

 re neither pro 

 brightly as 



in sunny situations. I In the other I, an, I. it is • 

 found in such dry positions, where only cacti and yuc- 

 cas manage to live, that .me can scarcely understand 



how it is able t,. succeed. In g 1 s,,j| tlie Torenia 



attains a height of from s to in inches, ami when 

 planted ah. .tit 8 inches apart soon cover the ground en- 

 tirely. There is already a great variety in colors, but 

 the typical plant has beautiful light blue and royal 

 purple flow.-rs, with a bright yellow throat, in texture 

 rivaling the most exquisite velvet. tj, Nehrling 



T0RNILLO. 



Pros 



TORREYA I afi.r Or. John Torrev, one of the most 

 distinguished of the earlier American botanists; 1796- 

 1873). Svn., Tiimion, Caryotdzus. Coniferw. Orna- 

 mental evergreen trees, with spreading, usually whorled 

 branches, clothed with yew-like, two-ranked, .lark green 

 foliage; the fruits are drupe-like and about 1 in. long. 

 The Torreyas are hut little known in cultivation and 

 rarely seen in a flourishing condition. The southern 



