1852 



TKIFOLIUM 



Clover of fields and waste places. The T. odoratum of 

 some seedsmen is evidently Melilotus. Allied genera 

 are Lespedeza, Medicago and Melilotus. 



A. Flowers in a long spike. 

 incarnatum, Linn. Crimson or Scarlet Clover. 

 Pig. 499, Vol. I. Annual, erect, 1-3 ft. high, soft-hairy: 

 lvs. long-stalked, the lfts. broadly obovate and denticu- 

 late and sessile or nearly so by a cuneate base, the 

 stipules large and thin and veiny and somewhat toothed: 

 heads becoming 2-3 in. long, very dense: fls. sessile, 

 bright crimson and showy, the calyx sharp-toothed and 



2570. Trifolium repens— the White Clover (X %). 



hairy. S. Eu. B.M. 328.— An escape in some places. 

 Now much used as a cover-crop in orchards. See Cover 

 Crops. It is very showy when in bloom. If seeds are 

 sown at midsummer or later, the plants may be expected 

 to survive the winter and bloom early in spring. 



rubens, Linn. Perennial, 20 in. or less tall, in clumps 

 the stems erect: lvs. short-stalked, the lfts. oblong 

 lanceolate and strongly denticulate, the stipules long 

 lanceolate: heads usually in pairs, becoming 3-4 in 

 long: fls. purplish red, showy. — Eu. Attractive orna- 

 mental species. The heads become silky after flower- 

 ing. There is a white-fid. form. 



aa. Flowers in globular or ovate heads. 

 B. Corolla yellow. 

 filifdrme, Linn. Yellow Suckling Clover. Annual, 

 of diffuse growth: lfts. obovate or obcordate, somewhat 

 denticulate, the terminal one stalked, the stipules 

 broadly ovate: peduncles long and filiform, bearing ses- 

 sile yellow fls. in umbel-like heads, the calyx-lobes un- 

 equal. Eu. — Sometimes used for forage or grazing. 



bb. Corolla white or ochroleucous (yellowish white). 



Alexandrlnum, Linn. Egyptian Clover. Annual, 

 with few appressed hairs, the stems tall, erect or as- 

 cending and branching: lvs. numerous, the lfts. oblong 

 or lanceolate and somewhat denticulate, the stipules 

 lanceolate-subulate and partly free from the petiole: 

 head stalked or sessile, ovate, becoming oblong-conic in 

 fr. : fls. ochroleucous. Egypt, Syria, etc. 



Panndnicum, Jacq. Hungarian Clover. Perennial, 

 very hairy, the stems usually simple, 2 ft.: lfts. lance- 

 oblong and subacute to refuse, ciliate and entire, the 

 stipules narrow and longer than the short petioles: 

 heads ovate-oblong stalked: fls. pale yellowish white or 

 creamy yellow. Eu., Asia. — Handsome plant for the 

 border; also recommended for forage. 



repens, Linn. White Clover. Fig. 2570. Low creep- 

 ing glabrous perennial: lvs. long-stalked, the lfts. ob- 

 cordate and obscurely toothed, the stipules small and 

 scale-like: heads Iong-peduncled from the ground, 

 small and loose: fls. white, fragrant. Eu. and thought 

 to be native in the northern part of the L T . S. and in 

 Canada, but naturalized everywhere. — Much used in 

 lawns, and in some parts prized for pasture. There are 

 forms with red and purplish foliage. This is thought 



by most authorities to be the shamrock of Ireland. A 

 form of it is offered by Blanc, as T. minus, "the genu- 

 ine Irish shamrock." See Shamrock. 



BBB. Corolla rose-tinted or red. 

 c. Individual fls. pediceled. 

 hybridum, Linn. Alsike or Swedish Clover. As- 

 cending or nearly erect, 1-3 ft. high, branching, gla- 

 brous: lvs. long-stalked, the lfts. obovate and serrulate, 

 stipules ovate-lanceolate and thin: heads small and 

 loose, nearly globular, long-stalked: fls. rose-colored or 

 sometimes white on the top of the head. Eu. B.M. 

 3702. — A good forage plant; also naturalized. Thrives 

 best on moist lands. Very hardy. Perennial. 



cc. Individual fls. sessile. 

 D. Plant perennial. 



pratense, Linn. (T. pratinse pere"nna, Hort.). Com- 

 mon Red Clover. Pea-Vine Clover. Cow-grass. 

 Fig. 2371. Ascending and somewhat hairy, 1-1X ft. : lvs. 

 long-stalked, the lfts. oval or obovate and sometimes 

 notched at the end and the blade marked with a large 

 spot, the stipules broad but with a bristle point: heads 

 globular ovate, sessile: fls. red-purple. Eu., but every- 

 where introduced, and much grown for pasturage hay, 

 and green manuring. 



medium, Linn. Mammoth or Zigzag Clover. Stouter 

 and less erect: lfts. oblong and entire and without 

 spots: heads usually stalked, and lis. rather deeper 

 colored. Eu., and introduced, and much grown by 

 farmers. 



DD. Plant annual. 



resupinatum, Linn. (2*. suavdolens, Willd.). Annual, 

 diffuse or trailing glabrous plant: lfts. obovate and ser- 

 rulate and as long as the petiole, the stipules lanceolate- 

 acuminate: heads globose, with rudimentary involucre: 

 fls. purple. Greece, Egypt to Persia. — Grown for orna- 

 ment - L. H. B. 



TRIGONELLA (Latin, a little triangle: probably re- 

 ferring to the shape of the fls.). Lcgtimiudsie. Includes 

 Fenugreek, which see. Trigonella is a polymorphous 

 genus of about 50 species widely scattered in the eastern 

 hemisphere. The genus belongs to the Trifolium tribe 

 of the legume family, being distinguished from the* 

 clovers and allied plants mainly by the fact that the lvs. 

 are pinnately trifoliolate and by the obtuse keel of the 

 flower. The inflorescence and pod are too various to be 

 described here. Bentham and Hooker divide the genus 

 in'o 6 sections, of which Fenugreek and other species 

 form a section characterized by having whitish, subses- 

 sile fls. and a thick, oblong or linear pod which has a. 

 long beak and obliquely longitudinal veins. 



Foenum-Graecum, Linn. Fenugreek, which see. 

 White-fld. annual, 1-2 ft. high, blooming in June and 

 August. Distinguished from other species in its sec- 

 tion by the erect, unbranched stem and obovate lfts., 

 which are obscurely dentate. Stipules lanceolate-fal- 

 cate, entire: calyx pilose: pods falcate, twice as long 

 as the beak. Eu., Orient. vf jr. 



2571. Day and night positions of red clover leaf; 

 unfolding youne leaf at the right. 



TRlLISA (anagram of Liatris). Comp6sita?. Here 

 belongs a native perennial herb known as the Vanilla 

 Plant, from the odor which the leaves emit when 

 bruised. It is not, however, the vanilla plant of com- 

 merce (see Vanilla). Trilisa is a genus of two species 



