TROXIMON 



1865 



cies are generally low-growing hardy plants with clus- 

 ters of sessile, radical leaves and simple scapes bearing 

 a head of yellow or purple flowers in summer. 



cuspidatum, Pursh. Root thick: lvs. entire, linear- 

 lanceolate, thickish, 4-10 in. long: scape about 1 ft. 

 high: fls. yellow: akene not beaked. Prairies of 111. and 

 Wis. to Dakota. B.B. 3:278. — Cultivation easy in any 

 good border. Not unattractive. It has rather larg 

 dandelion-like heads of flowers in late summer. Offered 

 by collectors. p. w. Barclay. 



TRUE LOVE. Paris quadrifolia. 



TRUFFLES. See Vol. II, p. 1045. 



TRUMPET CREEPER. Teeoma, especially T. radi- 

 cans. 



TRUMPET FLOWER. Consult Bignonia. 

 TRUMPET HONEYSUCKLE. Lonicera semper- 



TRUMPET VINE. Teeoma radicans. 



TSttGA (its Japanese name). Coniferm. Hemlock. 

 Hemlock Spruce. Ornamental evergreen trees of 

 pyramidal habit, with spreading, irregularly whorled, 

 much ramified branches clothed with small, linear, 

 usually 2-ranked leaves and small cones which are usually 

 freely produced. The cones are only about 1 in. long 

 except in one species, which has cones two or three 

 times as large. T Canadensis is quite hardy north and 

 the Japanese species and T. Caro- 

 liniana have proved hardy as far 

 north as Ontario. T. Hookeriana is 

 almost as hardy. T. Mertensiana 

 and T. Brunoniana are more tender. 

 There are probably no more beautiful 

 hardy conifers than the Hemlocks, 

 and they must be ranked among the 

 most ornamental and useful trees for 

 park planting. They do not have the 

 stiff, formal appearance of many of 

 the conifers, but are graceful and 

 stately at the same time. T. Mer 



tensiana is the most vigorous species and is more 

 graceful than the Canadian Hemlock, but tenderer. T. 

 Hookeriana is noticeable for its light bluish green foli- 

 age and the more narrow pyramidal habit. The Japanese 

 species have very handsome dark green glossy foliage, 

 but are of slow growth. T. Canadensis bears pruning 

 well and is well suited for tall hedges (see Gng. 2:2891. 

 The other species will probably bear pruning well. The 

 Hemlocks are not very particular as to the soil, provided 

 it contains a sufficient amount of constant moisture. 

 Tsugas are not difficult to transplant. Prop, by seeds 

 sown in spring and by grafting on T. Canadensis. 

 The varieties and the Japanese species are also raised 

 from cuttings. See also Conifers, Abies and Picea for 

 cultivation. 



The genus contains 7 species, natives of N. America, 

 E. Asia and the Himalayas. Tsuga is closely allied to 

 Abies and Picea and differs little in the structure of the 

 fls.; the cones are very similar to those of the larch, but 

 the lvs., though much like those of Abies in their out- 

 ward appearance, are very different in their internal 

 structure from all allied genera, since they have a 

 solitary resin-duct situated in the middle of the leaf 

 below the fibro-vascular bundle. The light, soft, brittle 

 and coarse-grained wood is not durable and not much 

 valued except that of T. Mertensiana, which is harder 

 and more durable, and that of T. Sieboldi, which is 

 esteemed in Japan for its durability. The bark is rich 

 in tannin and that of T. Canadensis is extensively used 

 for tanning leather. 



Tsuga Canadensis should be called "Hemlock Spruce," 

 but in common speech it is usually alluded to as "Hem- 

 lock." The "Hemlock " of the ancients is a poisonous 

 umbelliferous herb described in this work as Conium 

 maculatum. 



albo-spica, 4. 

 Araragi, 1. 

 argentea, 6. 

 Canadensis, 4 

 Caroliuiana, i 

 eompacta, 4. 

 diversifolia, 2 

 globosa, 4. 



glnbularis, 4. 

 gracilis, 4. 

 heterophylla, 5. 

 Hookeriana, 6. 



Mertensiana, 5, 6. 

 microphvlla, 4. 

 nana, 1, 4. 



parvifolia, 4. 

 Pattoniana, 6. 

 pendula, 4. 

 RozzUi. 6. 

 Sargenti, 4. 

 Sargentiana, ' 

 Sieboldi, 1. 



A. Lvs. with 2 white lines beneath, 

 grooved above, much flattened, 

 distinctly i-ranked: cones Vi-PA 

 in. long. 

 B. Margin of lvs. entire : apex of 

 lvs. usually emarginate, some- 

 times obtuse. 

 c. Scales of cones suborbicular. 

 D. Branchlets yellowish 



brown, glabrous 1. Sieboldi 



dd. Branchlets reddish brown, 



pubescent 2. diversifolia 



CO. Scales of cones oblong : lvs. 



often obtuse 3. Caroliniana 



bb. Margin of lvs. finely denticulate, 

 at hast towards the apex: apex 

 of lvs. obtuse or acutish. 

 c. Cones peduneled : scales al- 

 most orbicular, glabrous. 4. Canadensis 

 CC Cones sessile: scales oval, 



slightly puberulous outside. 5. Mertensiana 

 AA. Lvs. stomatiferous on both sides, 

 flat or convex above, spirally ar- 

 ranged: cones US in. long {Hes- 

 peropewce ) 0. Hookeriana 



2591. A spray of Hemlock Spruce IX%). 



1. Sieboldi, Carr. (T. Araragi, Koehne). Tree, at- 

 taining 90 ft., with spreading slender branches: branch- 

 lets pale yellowish brown, somewhat glossy, with red- 

 dish leaf-cushions: lvs. linear, usually broadest at the 

 apex, emarginate, grooved and glossy dark green above, 

 with 2 whitish lines beneath, %-% in. long: cone ovate, 

 1-1K in. long, the peduncle exceeding the bud-scales: 

 bracts bifid. Japan. G.F. 10:492. ->ar. nana. Endl. 

 Dwarf bushy form, with short branchlets and very 

 short crowded leaves. 



2. diversifolia, Mast. (Abies diversifolia, Maxim.). 

 Tree, very similar to the preceding, chiefly distin- 

 guished by the reddish brown pubescent branches : lvs. 

 linear, emarginate or obtuse, shorter and narrower, 

 broadest atthe middle or toward thebase: cone smaller, 

 %-% in. long: peduncle not exceeding the bud-scales; 

 bracts truncate, crenulate, not or slightly bifid. Japan. 

 G.F. 6:495; 10:493. 



3. Caroliniana, Engelm. Carolina Hemlock. Tree, 

 attaining 70 ft., of more compact habit and with darker 

 green foliage than the following : young branchlets 

 light reddish brown, finely pubescent or almost gla- 

 brous : lvs. linear, obtuse or emarginate, dark green 



