1866 



TSUGA 



TULIPA 



and glossy above, with 2 whitish lines beneath, %-% in. 

 long: cones oblong, 1-1 % in. long, peduncled; scales 

 oblong. Va. to S. C. S.S. 10:604. G.C. II. 26:780. 

 G.F. 2:269. — More graceful than the next. 



4. Canadensis, Carr. {Abies Cunadfoisis, Michx.). 

 Common Hemlock. Fig. 2591. Tree, attaining 70 and 

 occasionally 100 ft.: young branchlets yellowish brown, 

 pubescent: lvs. linear, obtuse or acutish, dark green 

 and obscurely grooved above, with 2 whitish lines be- 

 neath, %-'% in. long: cones ovoid, %-% in. long, pe- 

 duncled; scales almost orbicular. New Brunswick and 

 Wis., south to Ala. S.S. 10:603. -The Hemlock Spruce 

 yields the lumber most commonly used in the East for 

 framing and clapboarding of buildings. It is not used 

 for finishing lumber. A number of garden forms have 

 been raised ; the following are the most important: 

 Var. albo-spica, Nichols. Tips of the young branchlets 

 creamy white. Var. compacta, Senecl. (var. compdcta 

 ndna, Beissn.). Dwarf conical pyramid with numerous 

 short branchlets clothed with small leaves. Var. glo- 

 bbsa, Beissn. (var. globulilris ertcta, Kunkler). Dense, 

 globose, much branched form with numerous upright 

 branches nodding at the ends. Var. gracilis, Gord. 

 (var. microphylltt, Hort.). Slow - growing form with 

 slender sparingly ramified branches, spreading and 

 more or less drooping at the ends: lvs. very small, 

 about % in. long. Var. nana, Carr. Dwarf and de- 

 pressed form with spreading branches and short 

 branchlets. Var. parviiolia, Veitch. Lvs. very small, 

 % in. long or shorter: branchlets closely set and nu- 

 merous. Var. pendula, Parsons (var. Sdrgenti ptndula, 

 Hort., var. Sargenti&na, Kent.). Flat-topped form with 

 spreading branches and drooping branchlets. Gn. 32, 

 p. 363; 39, p. 81. M. I). G. 1900:367, 368, 491. Very dis- 

 tinct and desirable form. 



5. Mertensiana, Carr. ( T. heterophylla, Sarg. T. Al- 

 berti&na, Senecl.). Tree, attaining 200 ft., with short 

 slender usually pendulous branches forming a rather 

 narrow pyramidal head in older, but rather broad in 

 young trees: young branchlets pale yellowish brown, 

 pubescent : lvs. linear, obtuse or acutish, distinctly 

 grooved and dark green above, with 2 white lines below, 

 Vi-Vi in. long: cones oblong-ovoid, sessile, %-l in. long; 

 scales oval, slightly puberulous outside. Alaska to 

 Calif., west to Mont. S.S. 10:605. G.C. III. 12:11. 



6. Hookeriana, Carr. (T. Mertensi&na, Sarg., not 

 Carr. T. Pattoni&na, S6n6el. T. B£s Hi, Carr. Abies 

 Wllliamsoni, Newb. Hesperopeiice Pattoni&na, 

 Lemm.). Tree, attaining 100 and occasionally 150 ft., 

 with slender pendent branches usually forming an open 

 pyramid: young branchlets light reddish brown, pubes- 

 cent, usually short and upright: lvs. spirally arranged 

 around the branches, linear, usually curved, acutish, 

 mostly rounded or keeled, rarely slightly grooved above, 

 light bluish green or pale bluish white, with whitish 

 lines on both sides, %-l in. long: cones eylindric-ob- 

 long, usually violet- purple before maturity, brown 

 when ripe, 2-3 in. long: scales obovate, puberulous out- 

 side. Brit. Col. to Calif., west to Mont. S.S. 10:006. 

 G.C. III. 12:10; 13:659; 21:150,151. G.F. 4:380; 10: 

 6, 7. R.H. 1870, p. 21. Var. argentea, Beissn. Foliage 

 bluish white. 



T. Brunonidna, Carr. (T. dumosa, Sarg.). Tree, attaining 

 120 ft.: lvs. narrowly linear, acutish, %-l% in. long, with sil- 

 very white lines beneath: cone 1 in. long. Himal. G.C. II. 

 2G:73, 501.— T. Douglasil, Carr.—Pseudotsuga Douglasii. 



Alfred Rehdeb. 

 TUBEROSE. Consult Polianthes. 



TUCKER, LUTHER (Plate XLI), born at Brandon, 

 Vt., May 7, 1802, was the founder of "The Horti- 

 culturist " and the proprietor of that valuable and unique 

 magazine during the period of its greatest glory— from 

 July, 1846, until the autumn of 1852. The statement, on 

 page 501 of this Cyclopedia, that the younger Downing 

 "founded 'The Horticulturist,'" is inexact, he having 

 been the salaried editor, while the enterprise was 

 Tucker's alone. To Downing, nevertheless, belongs all 

 the credit for the great ami distinguished interest and 

 value of the magazine, as he conducted it according to 

 his own ideas, with which the proprietor never inter- 



fered, the latter having indeed enough to do in putting 

 it before the public with enterprise and vigor. It was. 

 issued simultaneously in Albany, Boston, New York 

 and Philadelphia, with 22 special agencies at other points, 

 including what was then the distant western town of 

 Cleveland, Ohio, as well as Hamilton and Cobourg in 

 "Canada West." Luther Tucker also founded, at Roch- 

 ester, N. Y., October 27, 1826, the first daily paper pub- 

 lished west of New York, "The Advertiser," which is 

 still, under a slightly extended name, an influential 

 journal; also at Rochester, January 1, 1831, "The Gene- 

 see Farmer," a weekly, the first agricultural periodical in 

 the world written directly from the standpoint of prac- 

 tical experience. It has undergone some changes in 

 name, as its scope extended far beyond the Genesee 

 valley, and has been published in Albany since January, 

 1840, being now called "The Country Gentleman." This 

 is one of the ten American agricultural periodicals that 

 were started before 1850 and outlived the nineteenth 

 century, the others being these: "Maine (Kennebec) 

 Farmer," 1839; "American (Boston) Cultivator," 1839, 

 "Southern Planter," 1840; "Massachusetts Plowman," 

 1841; "Prairie Farmer," 1841; "American Agriculturist," 

 1842; "Southern Cultivator," 1843; "Indiana Farmer," 

 1845; "Rural World," 1848; "Ohio Farmer," 1848. It is 

 now (1901) published by a son and a grandson of the 

 founder. Mr. Tucker was the descendant of a long line 

 of landowners. The first of the name of whom any- 

 thing is known was granted arms, and it is believed 

 estates, by William the Conqueror, and his descendants 

 in the direct line down to the subject of this note were 

 uniformly, both in England and in the American colo- 

 nies and states, country gentlemen and cultivators of 

 the soil. Strong rural tastes came to Luther Tucker as 

 an inheritance, and his conception of a happy and well- 

 spent life was a life as much as possible in the open air 

 and devoted to the advancement of agriculture and its 

 allied arts and the amelioration and refinement of the 

 condition of all classes of country residents, from the 

 proprietor to the humblest laborer. It was, therefore, 

 natural that he should be deeply interested in the New 

 York State Agricultural Society, which he found at a 

 low ebb on his coming to Albany, and of which, only a 

 year later, he was the chief reorganizer, getting on foot 

 the long series of annual fairs beginning in 1841 and 

 still continued. He served the society without any 

 compensation or even reimbursement for his own ex- 

 penses, for eleven years. The society then presented 

 him with a handsome table service of silver, and 

 adopted resolutions (afterwards reenacted at the time 

 of his death) to the effect that the great success of the 

 early fairs, paving the way for those that followed, was 

 chiefly due to his unremitting exertions. He died at 

 Albany, after a short illness, January 26, 1873. 



Gilbert M. Tucker. 

 TULIP. See Tulipa. 



TULIPA( originally from Persian toliban, turban; which 

 the inverted flower resembles). LiUilcea. Tulip. Plate 

 XLV. Bulb tunicated, the outer tunic often hairy or 

 woolly on the inner face: stem 3-30 in. high, usually 

 1-fld., rarely 2- 3- or 4-fld. : lvs. linear or broad: fls. 

 erect, rarely nodding, showy; perianth deciduous, cam- 

 panulate or slightly funnel-shaped; segments distinct, 

 often spotted or blotched at base, without pitted necta- 

 ries; stamens 6, hypogynous, shorter than perianth- 

 segments; filaments longer or shorter than anthers, 

 attenuate or filiform; anthers dehiscing laterally: ovary 

 sometimes narrowed at collar, rarely into a distinct 

 style; stigmas adnate: seeds numerous, flat. Differs 

 from Fritillaria in the absence of nectariferous pits and 

 usually erect (never pendulous) fls., and from Erythro- 

 nium in its erect, broader perianth-segments, erect fls., 

 and usually 1-fld. stems. Native of Oriental countries, 

 Siberia, Asia Minor, China and Japan, and naturalized 

 in the Mediterranean countries of Europe. The genus 

 now includes 83 species, only about half of which are 

 in cultivation at present. The latest monograph is 

 Baker, in "Gardeners Chronicle," for 1883. Solms-Lau- 

 bach is the leading authority on the history of the gar- 

 den Tulips (see his "Weizen und Tulpe, und deren Ge- 

 schichte," Leipzig, 1899). See Burbridge, Gn. Sept. 22, 

 1900. 



