TULIPA 



center; filaments glabrous, flattened: ovary prismatic: 

 stigmas large and usually crisped. Origin uncertain. 

 Introduced from the Turkish gardens in 1554. Long 

 since hybridized and cultivated out of all semblance to 

 any wild forms. Supposed original form (Baker) inB.M. 

 6439 (as T. Schrenki). Darwin tulips (Fig. 2597) are a 

 recent strain of long-stemmed, late, self-colored tulips. 



TURNIP 



187; 



2604. Tunica Saxifraga, Flower about natural size. 



Var. Drac6ntia, Baker (Fig. 2599). Parrot Tulip. 

 Similar in habit : perianth usually yellow and red 

 striped and splotched; segments deeply cleft and la- 

 ciniately dentate. F.S. 21:2211 (as T. Turcica). 



Var. spathnlata ( T. spathuUta, Bertol.). This differs 

 from the type in its larger fls. of a brilliant red color, 

 with a large purplish black blotch at the base of each 

 of the segments. Italy. — Probably the largest of the 

 wild Tulips. Catalogued by many bulb growers as " T. 

 G. vera." 



Var. Strangewaysiana, Reboul. Very large, brilliant, 

 dar.k scarlet flowers, with a handsome dark basal blotch. 

 One of the naturalized Tulips found without disposi- 

 tion to vary in fields near Florence, Italy. F. 1880:65. 



Var. alho-oculata, Krelage. Deep campanulate fl., 

 with a slight sweetish mawkish odor, bright red, with a 

 distinct white basal blotch ; inner segments obtuse, 

 outer acute; filaments white. 



T. fldva, Hort.. Krelage. is "often confused with vitellina in 

 gardens, though perfectly distinct. Flava is yellow, very ro- 

 bust, tall, and at least a fortnight later in blooming. Vitellina 

 is almost white when old." Imperfectly known.— T. lanata, 

 Regel. Dwarf: lis. large, goblet-shaped, rich vermilion, with a 

 large black spot at the base of each of the segments. Imper- 

 fectly known.— T. Persica, Willd.. is a synonym of T. patens, 

 Agardh, a Siberian species not known to the trade. It has fls. 

 about 3 in. across, greenish outside, wli it ish inside, with a yellow 

 eye. The outer segments are narrower. It is figured in B.M. 3887 

 as T. tricolor. T. Persica of the trade has been confused by the 

 Dutch with T. Breyniana. Linn., the proper name of which is 

 Rfflometra Columellaris, Xalisb. Bteometra is a monotypic 

 genus native to South Africa. There are no true Tulips in 

 South Africa. The important generic distinction between 

 Bseometra and Tulipa lies in the dehiscence of the capsule; 

 that of the former is septieidal, of the latter loculicidal. 

 Bieometra is figured in B.M. 767 as Melanthium unitlorum. It 

 is a dwarf plant 4-6 in. high with funnel-shaped fls. about 1 in. 

 across, yellow within, tinged with deep brownish red outside. 

 The segments are oblong and subequal. Although a native of 

 the Cape, the plant is supposed to be hardy. 



Arnold V. Stubenrauch. 



TULIP, BUTTERFLY. Calochortus. Tulip Poppy. 

 Hunntmannia. Tulip Tree. Liriodendron. 



TUNA. Opuntia Tuna. 



TUNICA (Latin, a tunic or coat, from the imbricated 

 involucre). Caryophyllacew. Small slender herbs with 

 linear opposite leaves, with habit of Gypsophila, but 

 botanically more nearly allied to Dianthus. From Di- 

 anthus they differ in smallness, the central flower of 

 the cluster not bracteate, the calyx top-shaped or cylin- 

 drical rather than short-tubular and 5- or 15-ribbed, the 

 calyx-teeth obtuse; petals 5 and styles 2. There are 

 about 10 species in Southern Europe and in Asia. T. 

 Saxifraga, Scop. (Fig. 2604), apparently the only spe- 

 cies in cultivation in this country, is a tufted spreading 

 hardy species suitable for rockwork and blooming in 

 summer and fall (see bottom p. 737). It is a wiry- 

 stemmed perennial, growing 6-10 in. high: fls. small, 

 with rosy white, lilac or pale purple notched petals. A 

 recent novelty is a double flowered variety. It is more 

 compact and dwarf than the type, and the fls. last 

 longer. Tunicas are propagated by seeds or division. 

 T. Saxifraga has become adventive in some parts of 

 the east. l. jj. g. 



TUPA. See Lobelia. 



TUPELO. See Nyssa. 



TURK'S HEAD. Melocactus communis. 



TURNIP (Plate XLVI) is a name somewhat loosely 

 applied to two species of vegetables. In this country, 

 and apparently properly, it is applied to vegetables 

 characterized by thick light-fleshed roots that are usu- 

 ally more or less flattened or at least not greatly elon- 

 gated, with leaves that are hairy and not glaucous. 

 These vegetables belong to the species Brassica Sapa 

 (see page 178). In the term is sometimes included the 

 Swedisli Turnip or Rutabaga, a plant that is character- 

 ized by having a more uniformly elongated-oval yellow- 

 fleshed tuber with roots springing from its lower portion, 

 a thick elongated leafy neck, and glaucous-blue leaves 

 that are not hairy. This plant, however, is considered 

 to be Brassica campestris. Whether these two species 

 exist separately in wild nature is not positively known, 

 but they appear to be well defined under cultivation. 

 Both species tend to run wild in old fields and to lose 

 their thickened roots. They are then sometimes, though 

 erroneously, known as charlock. The nativity of these 

 species is unknown, but they are almost certainly 



2605. Turnip— Brassica 

 Rapa. 



2606. Rutabaga— Brassica 

 campestris. 



European or Asian in origin. Characteristic tubers of 

 these two plants are contrasted in Figs. 2605 and 2606. 

 The former is commonly known here as "flat turnip" 

 and the latter as rutabaga or merely "baga." According 

 to Vilmorin, the plant that we know as Rutabaga is 

 known to the French as chou-navet and in England as 

 Swedish Turnip and turnip-rooted cabbage. 



