ULMUS 



ULMUS 



1881 



2612. 



incision not reaching the nutlet. Middle Europe to 

 western Asia. — Rarely cultivated and with less valuable 

 wood. The trunk and the limbs are, as in the Ameri- 

 can Elm, often clothed with short branchlets. 



3. racemdsa, Thomas, not Borkh. Cokk Elm. Rock 

 Elm. Fig. 2612. Tree, attaining 100 ft., with short 

 spreading branches, forming an oblong round-topped 



head: branchlets pubescent usually 

 until the second year and mostly ir- 

 regularly corky winged 

 when older: buds acute, 

 pubescent: lvs. oval to ob- 

 long -obovate, unequal at 

 the base, shortly acumi- 

 nate, sharply and doubly 

 serrate, glabrous or some- 

 what rough above, pubes- 

 cent beneath, 2-4 in. long: 

 fls. in slender pendulous 

 racemes ; calyx with 5-8 

 exserted stamens: fr. oval 



Ulmus racemosa. or obovate, with a shallow 



(X 2.) notch at the apex, pale, 



pubescent, %-% in. long. 



Quebec to Tennessee, west to Nebraska. S.S. 7:312. 



4. alata, Michx. Wahoo or Winged Elm. Fig. 2613. 

 Tree, attaining 50 ft., with spreading branches forming 

 an oblong, round-topped or rather open head: branches 

 usually with 2 opposite very broad wings; branchlets 

 almost glabrous: buds acute, glabrous: lvs. ovate-ob- 

 long to oblong-lanceolate, often falcate, acute or acumi- 

 nate, doubly serrate, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, 

 pubescent beneath, 1%-V-A in. long: fls. in short, few- 

 fid, racemes; stamens'usually 5: fr. elliptic-ovate, with 

 narrow wing and with 2 incurved horns at the apex, 

 villous, V?. in. across. Va. to Fla., west to 111. and Tex. 

 S.S. 7:313. — Handsome round-headed tree, sometimes 

 used as an avenue tree in the southern states; not 

 hardy north. 



5. fiilva, Michx. ( XT. rubra , Michx.). Slippery Elm. 

 Red Elm. Figs. 2C14, 2615. Tree, attaining 70 ft., with 

 spreading branches, forming usually a broad, open, 

 flat-topped head : branchlets pubescent: lvs. obovate to 

 oblong, very unequal at base, long-acuminate, doubly 

 serrate, of firm texture, very rough above, pubescent 

 beneath, 4-7 in. long: lis. in dense clusters; stamens 

 5-9: fr. orbicular-oval, little notched at the apex, % in. 

 across. Quebec to Fla., west to Dakotas and Tex. S.S. 

 7:314. Em. 2:334.— The reddish brown pubescence of 

 the bud-scales is very conspicuous in spring, when the 

 buds are unfolding. An allied species similar in foliage 

 and fr. is XJ. elliptica, Koch ( P. Hejderi, Spath. U . 

 Sibirica, Hort.), a native of western Siberia, Turkes- 

 tan and Persia, with longer and larger lvs. and grayish 

 pubescent buds. 



2614. Fruit of Slippery El 



ixy,i. 



6. scabra, Mill. (U. montana, With. U. gHbra, 

 Huds.). Wych Elm. Scotch Elm. Fig. 2616. Tree, 

 attaining 100 ft., with spreading branches forming an 

 oblong or broad round-topped head; without suckers: 



branchlets pubescent: buds pubescent, rather obtuse: 

 lvs. very short-petioled and unequal at base, broadly 

 obovate to oblong-obovate, abruptly acuminate or some- 

 times 3-lobed at the apex, sharply and doubly serrate, 

 rough above, pubescent beneath, 3-6 in. long: fls. clus- 

 tered; stamens 5-6, little exserted : fr. oval or roundish 

 obovate, little notched at the apex, with the seed in the 

 middle, %-l in. long. Europe to Japan. — A variable 

 species of which many forms are cultivated; the follow- 

 ing are some of the most important: Var. atropurpurea, 

 Spath. With dark purple foliage. Var. Belgica, Hort. 

 Of vigorous growth, forming a broad pyramidal head; 

 lvs. dark green. Var. crispa, Loud. ( U asplenifdlia, 

 Hort.). A rather slow-growing form with narrow ob- 

 long curved lvs. incisely serrate with twisted teeth, 

 giving the margin a fringed appearance. Var. Dam- 

 pieri, Koch. Similar to var. fastigiata, but with slen- 

 der branches, smaller and lighter foliage. Var. Dam - 

 pieri Wredei, Hort. Differs from the foregoing by its 

 yellow young leaves. M.D.G. 1898:160. Var. Dovfei, 

 Hort. Of vigorous growth and upright pyramidal habit. 

 Var. fastigiata. Loud. ( U. pyramhlalis, Hort. U . Exo- 

 niensis, Hort.). Of columnar habit with strictly up- 

 right branches and somewhat twisted, broad dark green 

 leaves. Var. horizontalis, Kirchn. With horizontally 

 spreading limbs and more or less drooping branches. 

 Gn. 17, p. 539. M.D.G. 1901:163. Var. laciniata, Trautv. 

 Lvs. broadly obovate, 3- or sometimes 5-lobed at the 

 wide apex, large, light 

 green: branches little 

 pubescent, light -col- 

 ored. E. Asia. Var. 

 nana, Hort. Dwarf 

 form. Var. pendula, 

 Loud. {U. Camper- 

 downi, Hort.). Cah- 

 perdown Elm. Fig. 

 2619. With long pendu- 

 lous branches, the 

 limbs often spreading 

 horizontally. Gn. 40, 

 p. 158. Var. Pitteiirsi, 

 Hort. Pyramidal tree 

 of vigorous growth 

 with deeply serrate lvs. often purplish when unfolding. 

 Var. purpurea, Koch. Lvs. purple when young, chang- 

 ing to dark green. Var. superba, Hort. Of vigorous 

 growth, with large and long, dark green leaves. Var. 

 tricuspis, Koch. ( U. triserrata or trldens, Hort.). Lvs. 

 obovate, 3-lobed at the apex. 



7. campestris, Smith ( V. snberdsa, Willd., V. surcu- 

 Usa, Stokes). English Elm. Tree, attaining 100 ft., 

 with spreading branches forming an oblong round- 

 topped or sometimes open head, usually producing 

 suckers : branches little pubescent when young or gla- 

 brous, sometimes becoming corky: buds acute, pubes- 

 cent or glabrous: lvs. distinctly petioled, broadly ovate 

 to ovate-oblong, unequal at the 

 base, acuminate, doubly serrate, ^k^^fe-a 



usually glabrous and smooth ^S^wsmwHHS 

 above at length, pubescent or ^gjgSSjB^'**'''* 

 glabrous beneath, l%-5 in. long: i ^''.i% , f£- 

 rls. short-pediceled; stamens 4-6: 

 fr. obovate, with the nutlet much 

 above the middle, reaching almost 

 the incision at the apex. Middle 

 Europe and northern Africa to 

 Japan. Em. 2:336. M.D.G. 

 1900:577. — This tree is often 

 planted as an avenue tree; it 

 succeeds very well and fine old 

 trees may be occasionally seen 



in the northeastern states. The 2617 - .°P e of m ™ n . at 

 foliage remains green several 

 weeks longer than that of the 

 American Elm. U. campestris is 

 still more variable than the fore- 

 going species and four vars., very distinct in their ex- 

 treme forms and sometimes considered distinct species, 

 can be distinguished. 



Var. vulgaris, Planch. ( U. suberbsa, Ehrh. U. «il- 

 nor, Mill.). Small tree or shrub, with often corky 

 branches: lvs. broadly oval or rhombic obovate, rough 



2615. 



Ulmus fulva. 



(X2.) 



2616. 



Ulmus scabra. 



(X2.) 



-sa^Sggg^ 



ural forms of the 

 American Elm — the 

 vase-form type. 



