VERBENA 



propagated to a considerable extent by separating the 

 prostrate, rooting branches and potting them. This 

 method was soon abandoned in favor of propagation by 

 cuttings. Verbenas root very readily and they were 

 grown from cuttings almost exclusively up to 1880, ex- 

 cept that seed propagation was employed for the pro- 

 duction of new varieties. During all this pe- 

 riod, as a consequence of much fortuitous and 

 intentional hybridizing, and of no effort hav- 

 ing been made to fix varieties, seedlings were 

 very variable and untrue to parent varieties. 

 Soon after the decline of the Verbena in 1868- 

 70 seed propagation was more extensively 

 employed. It obviated the very troublesome 

 experience of wintering over stock plants, 

 which were so susceptible to attacks of mildew 

 and aphis. Soon efforts were made to fix 

 strains that would come true to color and habit 

 from seed. This has been most successfully 

 accomplished, and the Verbena is gaining 

 much of its popularity through treatment as an 

 annual. Seeds are sown in March. The plants 

 are hardened off in a coldframe and set out in 

 the latter part of May. They flower profusely 

 from June to October. Striped varieties are 

 not easily fixed. 



Summary of Present Horticultural Types 

 (V. hybrida).— It is impossible to satisfac- 

 torily classify the hybrid garden Verbenas ac- 

 cording to their botanical derivation. They 

 are conveniently classed according to color of 

 flowers into: (1) Selfs, or one-colored varieties; 

 (2) Oculatas. or eyed varieties; and (3) Ital- 

 ians, or striped varieties. As to habit they may 

 be divided into: (1) Standards, those of the 

 ordinary loose, spreading growth; and (2) 

 Compactas, which are much reduced in stature 

 and of more condensed form. Verbenas now 

 in cult, are shown in Figs. 2652-4. 



VERBENA 



1915 



subincisely serrate, serrations often unequal, strigose 

 above, below hairy, especially on nerves: peduncles 

 elongated, ascending: spikes solitary, capitate: bracts 

 lanceolate-subulate, ciliate: calyx hirsute canescent, 

 sparingly glandular, more than twice as long as the 

 bracts: corolla crimson, limb irregular. — Occurs in two 



Aubletia, 9. 



hipimiatitida, 8. 

 Canadensis, 9. 

 ehannedryfolia, 

 Drummandii, 9. 

 erinoides, 7 



INDEX. 



incisa, 3. 

 Lamberti, 9. 

 Melindres, 1. 

 inelindroides, 1. 

 montana, 8, 9. 

 multifida.,1. 



plilo^illora, 2. 

 puh-luila, G,7, 8. 

 tenera, 6. 

 b'uri'ioides, 4. 

 Tweedieana, 2. 

 venosa, 5. 



A. Connective of the upper anthers 

 not appendaged. 

 B. Clusters not panicled. Proto- 

 types of the Garden Verbenas 

 ( V. hybrida,Hort. Fig.2S52). 



c. F Is. scarlet 1. chamsedryfolia 



CC. Fls. rose or purple. 



D. Clusters oval to oblong : 



I vs. saw-toothed 2. phlogiflora 



DD. Clusters flat or convex: Ivs. 

 more deeply and sharply 



cut 3. incisa 



ccc. Fls. white 4. teucrioides 



bb. Clusters panicled 5. venosa 



AA. Connective of the upper anthers 

 furnished with a glandular ap- 

 pendage. 

 B. Fls. violet or rosy purple. 

 c. Bracts half as long as calyx: 



plant a snbshrub 6. tenera 



CC. Bracts about as long as calyx 

 or a little shorter: plant 



annual 7. erinoides 



bb. Fls. lilac: plants annual. 



c. 1/vs . twice pinnati fid 8. bipinnatifida 



cc. Lvs. once pinnati fid '.). Aubletia 



1. chamaedryfdlia, Joss. (V. Melindres, Gill. V. 

 melindroides, Cham.). Fig. 2649. Characterized by red 

 fls. in flatfish clusters, oblong, coarsely scalloped, 

 nearly sessile lvs. and rather stiff pubescence. Stems 

 slender, forking, creeping at base, hirsute: branches 

 somewhat ascending: lvs. oblong or ovate, base broadly 

 cuneate, contracted into the short petiole, crenate or 



2652. The common garden Verbena — V. hybrida (XI). 



rather distinct forms: var. Melindres has oblong to ob- 

 long-lanceolate lvs., which are unequally incised-serrate. 

 This form is less hirsute and is more graceful and vig- 

 orous. It was the form first introduced to cultivation. 

 Var. melindroides has shorter, broader lvs. and is more 

 hairy. Different forms occur over southern Brazil, 

 Uruguay, Paraguay, and the whole of the Pampas. 

 B.R. 14:1184. L.B.C. 16:1514. B.M. 3333. P.M. 1:173. 

 B. 3:129. 



2. phlogifldra, Cham. ( V. Tweedieana, Niven). Fig. 

 2649. Characterized by rosy or purple fls. in oblong or 

 oval clusters; resembles No. 1, but has more upright 

 habit, softer pubescence and larger, longer-pointed, 

 distinctly petioled lvs. Stems ascending: branches 

 rather erect, much subdivided, angled, retrorsely hirsute : 

 lvs. oblong or lanceolate-triangular, acute, base entire, 

 cuneately long-attenuate into the evident petiole, un- 

 equally subincised serrate, somewhat venosely rugose, 

 strigose above, below hairy or strigillose pubescent: 

 spikes terminal, pedunculate, many-fld., oval to oblong: 



