ZALUZIANSKYA (after a Pole, who wrote Methodus 

 Herbaria?, Prague, 1592). Including Nycterinia, Scroph- 

 ulari&cece. About 16 species of S. African herbs and 

 subshrubs, including three plants known as Night Bal- 

 sams or Star Balsams, from their night-blooming habit. 

 The name Night-blooming Phlox would be better, as the 

 flowers are salver-shaped and 5-lobed, each lobe being 

 deeply cut. These plants are generally treated as balf- 

 hardy annuals, the seed being sown indoors in early 

 spring. The plants bloom in about ten weeks after being 

 set out and continue in flower through July and August. 

 Some cultivators declare that this method is very un- 

 satisfactory and urge that the seed be sown in the au- 

 tumn and the young plants wintered in a coldframe. 

 They will then begin to flower by June. The blossoms 

 are closed by day and are fragrant by night. 



Zaluzianskyas are more or less viscous plants: lowest 

 lvs. opposite, upper ones alternate, usually few-toothed: 

 fls. sessile but long-tubed, disposed in leafy spikes 

 which are cylindrical or flatfish; calyx 5-toothed, 2- 

 lipped or 2-parted; corolla persistent, the 5 lobes entire 

 or 2-fid, equal or the 2 posterior ones a little wider; 

 stamens usually 4; style club-shaped: capsule oblong, 

 leathery or membranous. The Zaluzianskyas are little 

 known in American gardens. The botanical status of 

 the group is in need of revision. 



A promise was made to give some account under 

 Zaluzianskya of the puzzling trade names Erinus duplex, 

 gracilis, Paxtoniana and speeiosa. It is probable that 

 these are all varieties of Erinus alpinus. In the 

 American trade they are considered as trailing plants 

 suitable for hanging-baskets, vases and window boxes, 

 uses to which Erimts alpinus is eminently adapted. 

 E. speeiosa is said to have ultramarine blue fls.; E. 

 gracilis, light blue fls. and a spreading habit: E. Pax- 

 toniana, pure white fls., blue-edged; E. duplex, double 

 blue fls. Erinus gracilis of the botanists is a true 

 Zaluzianskya, being a synonym of Z. lychnidea, a plant 

 of erect habit with white fls. that are violet outside 

 Although Erinus and Zaluzianskya are placed in dif- 

 ferent tribes of the figwort family, it is difficult to sepa- 

 rate them by any one important botanical character un- 

 less it be the shape of the stamens, which is oblong in 

 Zaluzianskya, reniform in Erinus. The horticulturist, 

 however, may readily distinguish them by the lowest 

 leaves, those of the former being opposite, those of the 

 latter tufted. To the account of Erinus in Vol. II, p. 

 543, should be added the fact that the genus has only 

 one species. The other names which appear to be good 

 species of Erinus in Index Kewensis are presumably to 

 be referred to other genera, as they are mostly South 

 African plants, — Europe and the Cape having few 

 genera in common. 



All the species mentioned below have their corolla- 

 lobes bifid. 



A. Corolla-tube slightly pubescent. 

 B. Duration perennial ': bracts broadly lanceolate: 

 lvs. oblong-linear. 

 lychnidea, Walp. (Nycterinia lychnidea, D. Don. 

 Erinus gracilis, Lehrn., not Hort.). Subshrub, 2 ft. 

 high, with-fls. IX in. long, ?4 in. across, white, violet 

 outside. B.M. 2504. B.E. 9:748 (both as Erinus lych- 

 nidea ) . 

 bb. Duration annual: bracts oblong-lanceolate: lvs. 

 linear or the lower ones lanceolate. 

 Capensis, Walp. (Nycterinia Capfnsis, Benth.). Dif- 

 fers from the above, according to Bentham, in stature, 

 duration, strict stems and smaller lvs., but unfortu- 

 nately Bentham does not give the height of the plant or 

 color of the fls. According to R.H. 1851:221, the plant 

 has white or lilac flower-clusters on the same plant, 

 each flower having an orange eye. The spikes, accord- 

 ing to Bentham, are commonly short and 4-8-fld., some- 

 times long and 15-20-fld. There is some evidence that 



this species and the next are confused in the trade. In 

 R.H. 1851:221 the fls. are %-l in. long and less than 

 K in. across. 



aa. Corolla-tube glabrous. 

 selaginoides, Walp. (Nycterinia selaginoides, Benth.). 

 Dwarf annual, branched at the base, 3-5 in. high, rarely 

 6 in., with spatulate lvs. and fls. %-l in. long, color of 

 fls. not stated by Bentham. but in R.H. 1896, p. 308 

 (same picture as Gn. 24, p. 89) the fls. are said to range 

 from white to lilac and darker depending upon their stage 

 of development, with an orange-colored eye which be- 

 comes crimson later. This suggests the preceding spe- 

 cies, and it is evident that the two must be distinguished 

 by technical characters until the colors can be verified. 

 The plant advertised in America as Nycterinia selagi- 

 noides is said to be a pink-fld., half-hardy perennial, 

 growing 9 in. high, which does not agree with authentic 

 descriptions. A species passing under this name is 

 hardy at San Francisco. yf_ jj 



ZAMIA (name used by Pliny, meaning loss or dam- 

 age, and first applied to barren pine cones, and trans- 

 ferred to these plants apparently because of the cone- 

 like fructification). Cycadaceoe. One of the nine genera 

 of the Cycas family, as constituted by Alphonse De 

 Candolle (Prodr. 16, pt. 2, pp. 522-547). Other genera 

 of horticultural interest and discussed in this Cyclope- 

 dia are Ceratozamia, Cycas, Dioon, Encephalartos and 

 Macrozamia. The Zamias are stocky short- and usu- 

 ally simple-stemmed cycas-like plants, the trunk some- 

 times subterranean, with long-pinnate evergreen leaves 

 or fronds, the leaflets being thickened and usually 

 broadened at the base, and jointed. There are about 30 

 species in the American tropics, and two are native to 

 Florida. The flowers of cyeads are dioecious, without en- 

 velopes; the pistillate flowers are mere naked ovules in- 

 serted under scales in cones, and the staminate flowers 



2768. Zamia Florid 



are simple anthers under similar scales. The plants 

 are therefore gymnosperms ( seeds naked or not inclosed 

 in a pericarp or ripened ovary) and are allied to the 

 conifers. The fruit is a berry-like drupe. In Zamia the 

 floral scales are peltate (and not horned) and form a 

 cylindrical cone; the anthers are numerous, and the 

 ovules pendulous in pairs. Leaves nearly straight in 

 venation. The fecundation of Zamia has been studied 

 by H. J. Webber (Bull. 2, Bureau of Plant Ind. U. S. 

 Dept. Agr. ). His conclusions respecting the Floridian 

 species are accepted below. 



Zamias are warmhouse plants, to be treated like spe- 

 cies of Cycas or Encephalartos, which see. The plants 

 are propagated by means of seeds and offsets; also by 

 division when there is more than one crown. 



(2002) 



