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ZIZYPHUS 



and none of the species is hardy north; the hardiest 

 seems to be Z. vulgaris, but it is tender north of Wash- 

 ington, D. C. Most kinds have handsome foliage and 

 are well adapted for planting in shrubberies in the 

 southern states and California. They seem to thrive in 

 any well-drained soil. Prop, by seeds, by greenwood 

 cuttings under glass and by root-cuttings. A genus of 

 about 40 species distributed through the tropical and 

 subtropical regions of both hemispheres, allied to Pa- 

 liurits, but chiefly distinguished by the drupe-like fruit. 

 Shrubs with slender often procumbent branches, or 

 trees; stipules mostly transformed into spines, often 

 only one stipule spiny or one a straight and the other 

 a hooked spine: ns. 5-merous: ovary 2-4, usually 2- 

 loculed; style usually 2 parted: fr. a subglobose to ob- 

 long drupe. The fruit of Z. Jujuba, vulgaris and Z. 

 Lotus are edible and the first named is much cult, in 

 China. 



Jujuba, Lam. Tree, 30-50 ft. high: branches usually 

 prickly; young branchlets, petioles and inflorescence 

 densely rusty tomentose: lvs. broadly oval or ovate to 

 oblong, obtuse, sometimes emarginate serrate or entire, 

 dark green and glabrous above, tawny or nearly white 

 tomentose beneath, 1-3 in. long: lis. in short-stalked 

 many-fid. axillary cymes: fr. subglobose to oblong, 

 orange-red, K-Ji in. long, on a stalk about half its 

 length. March-June. S. Asia, Africa, Australia. Gn. 

 13, p. 194. 



sativa, Gartn. {Z. vulgaris, Lam.). Common Jujube. 

 Shrub or small tree, attaining 30 ft.: prickly or un- 

 armed: glabrous branchlets often fascicled, slender and 

 having frequently the appearance of pinnate lvs. : lvs. 

 ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, oblique at 

 the base, sometimes emarginate, serrulate, glabrous, %- 

 2 in. long: ns. fascicled, in axillary cymes: fr. ovoid to 

 oblong, dark red or almost black, %-% in. long, short- 

 stalked. March-June. S. Eu., S. and E. Asia; natur- 

 alized in Ala. A. (J. 1891:79 (as var. inermis). The Ju- 

 jube is somewhat planted in Florida and California, al- 

 though it yet has no commercial rating as a fruit plant. 

 According to Wickson, it was introduced into California 

 in 1876 by G. P. Rixford, and is "fruiting regularly and 

 freely in several parts of the state." The fruits or ber- 

 ries are ripe in November and December, and the plant 

 begins to bear at three years from planting. The Jujube 

 fruit is used in confectionery. 



Z. Tibtus, Lam. Prickly shrub, 8-4 ft. high: lvs. ovate-ob- 

 long, crenulate, glabrous: lis. in few-tid. axillary cymes: fr. 

 subglobose. yellow. S. Eu., N. Afr.— Z. Paliurus, Willd.=Pa- 

 liurus Spina-Christi. — Z. Splna-Ohrtsti, Willd. Small prickly 

 tree: lvs. oval to oblong, crenulate, glabrous or pubescent on 

 the veins beneath: Hs. in axillary '•lusters: pedicels tomentose: 

 fr. ovoid-globose, red. N. Afr. W. Asia. This species is sup- 

 posed by some to have furnished Christ's crown of thorns: see 

 also Paliurus Spina-Christi. 



Z. Pdrryi, Torr. Belongs to the genus Condalia, which is 

 easily distinguished by not having spiny stipules hut the 

 branchlets transformed into slender thorns and by its entire, 

 usually penninerved lvs. — Z. Parriii, Weberb., is a much 

 branched, glabrous thorny shrub, 4-jfi ft. high: lvs. elliptic to 

 obovate, obtuse, cuneate at the base, )4r% in. lone: fls. slender 

 pediceled, in sessile clusters: fr. ovoid. % in- long S. Calif. 

 This plant was once offered by a collector of native plants, but 

 it is probably not in the trade now. Alfred Rehder. 



ZYGADENUS (Greek, yoke and gland, some of the 

 species having two glands in the base of the perianth). 

 Liliacea*. As outlined by Bentham & Hooker, the genus 

 has 12 species, one of which is Siberian and the re- 

 mainder North Americau and Mexican. This disposi- 

 tion includes Amianthium in Zygadenus, but most au- 

 thors do not unite the two. They are smooth, rhizorn- 

 atous or bulbous plants, with simple erect stems bear- 

 ing a raceme or panicle of white, yellowish or greenish 

 flowers; lvs. mostly crowded at the base of the flower- 

 stem, long-linear. The ns. are perfect or polygamous, 

 the segments many-nerved and often adnate to the base 

 of the ovary, the parts withering and persistent; sta- 

 mens 0; capsule 3-loculed, the locules in fruit separate 

 at the top or for their entire length. 



The species of Zygadenus are little known in cultiva- 

 tion. They are sometimes recommended for the wild 

 garden, where they thrive in wet or boggy places. In- 

 <?r<*ased bv division: also rarely by seeds. Some of the 

 species have poisonous bulbs, rhizomes and foliage. 



ZYGOPETALUM 



Monographed bv Watson, Proc. Anier. Acad. Arts & 

 Sci. 14:278 (1879). 



A. Locules of the capsule dehiscing to the base: stamens 



free from perianth-segments: glands usually 1 or 

 IS in the base of the perianth. Zygadenus proper. 



B. Glands large, covering nearly the ivhole base of the 



perianth segments: bulb tunicated. 

 0. Fls. usually perfect, rather large. 



elegans, Pursh (Z. glaucus, Nutt. HeUnias glabtr- 

 rima, Ker.). Three ft. or less tall, the lvs. %in. or less 

 broad and very glaucous : bracts purplish : fls. greenish, 

 in simple or sparingly branched racemes, the segments 

 broad and less than }oin. long, coherent to the ovary, 

 the fl. opening about %in. across. Across the continent 

 from New Brunswick and south to New Mexico. B.M. 

 1680. B.R. 24:67. 



Fremontii, Torr. Lvs. an inch or less broad, less 

 glaucous than the above: bracts green: fls. usually 

 larger, rotate, the segments free from the ovary. Cali- 

 fornia, from San Diego north, in the Coast Range.— 

 One of the "Soap plants." Said to be the best of the 

 genus for cultivation. 



Nuttallii, Gray. Lvs. from y t -% in. wide, scarcely- 

 glaucous, light green: bracts scarious: fls. % in. across, 

 in a simple or branched raceme, the segments free from 

 the ovary. Kans. to Colo, and Texas. 



cc. Fls. polygamous, small. 



venendsus, Wats. Slender, 2 ft. or less tall: lvs. very 

 narrow ( % in. or less), scabrous, not glaucous, the stem- 

 lvs. not sheathing: bracts narrow, scarious: fls. in a 

 short simple raceme, the perianth free from the ovary, 

 the segments M in. or less long, triangular-ovate to 

 elliptic, short-clawed. S. Dakota to California. — Bulb 

 poisonous. 



paniculatus, Wats. Usually stouter, the lvs. broader 

 and sheathing: raceme compound: perianth-segments 

 deltoid, acute, short-clawed. Saskatchewan to Calif.— 

 Bulb poisonous. 



bb. Qlands very obscure: bulb somewhat fibrous, 

 narrow. 



leimanthoides, Gray. Stem slender and leafy, 4 ft. or 

 less tall: lvs. X A in. or less wide, green on both sides: 

 racemes panic-led: Ms. about % in. across, the segments 

 oblong, not clawed. N. J. to Ga. 



AA. Locules dehiscing only above the middle: stamens 

 inserted on the perianth-segments: glands none: 

 bulbous. 

 muscitoxicum, Regel (IJelbnias lata, Ker. Amian- 

 thium mitseirti'i.ricu»i, Gmy. Ghrospirma musccetdxicum, 

 Kuntze). Fly-poison. Slender, 4 ft. or less tall: lvs. 

 rather short, the basal ones varying from Ya in. to over 

 1 in. broad, not glaucous : racemes simple : fls. about 

 % in. across, the segments ovate-oblong and obtuse. 

 New York to Fla. and Ark. B.M. 803, 1540. L.B.C. 

 10:998. Gn. 57, p. 160. — Bulb and herbage poisonous. 

 A fly poison has been made from the bulb. L.H.B. 



ZYGIA. See Albizzia. 



ZYGOPETALUM (name referring to the united flower 

 parts). Orchidaeea>. Plants with numerous distichous 

 lvs. sheathing a short stem which usually becomes 

 thickened into a pseudobulb: lvs. membranaceous, ve- 

 nose or plicate: fls. solitary or in racemes, showy: 

 sepals and petals nearly alike in form and color, often 

 united to each otherat the base, the lateral sepals form- 

 ing a mentum with the foot of the column; labellum 

 with the lateral lobes scarcely prominent, middle lobe 

 broad and plane, spreading, or recurved at the apex, 

 with a prominent fleshy crest on the disc: column in- 

 curved, wingless or with small wings; pollinia 4, not 

 appendiculate. Includes Bollea, Huntley a, Warczewic- 

 sella and Batemannia, which are often separated as 

 distinct genera. Helvrich Hasselbrino. 



Zygopetalum is a genus of mostly epiphytal orchids, 

 of easy culture. The Z. Mackaii group grow well un- 

 der pot culture. One or two species with creeping rhi- 



