BOTANY. 161 



sembles the umbel in the peduncles arising from the same 

 point, but differs in their being variously and alternately 

 subdivided. 



GRAFT. 



Grafting consists in producing artificially the union of two 

 plants. A portion of one is taken, called the graft, and placed 

 in immediate contact with the other, which is termed the 

 subject. The first condition of success is, to obtain a pro- 

 longed contact between fresh and living organs of two plants. 

 In dicotyledons it is the aubier and liber, especially the point 

 of junction where the cambium is, which offer the best 

 chances of success ; since it is here that the tissue is forming, 

 or has just been formed. The second condition is, that this 

 contact be established between analogous vegetables : the 

 greater the analogy the more readily will the graft take. 

 The operation is not always possible between plants of the 

 same family, and it is impossible between plants of different 

 families. There are a great many methods of grafting, but 

 we must content ourselves with indicating the principal 



GRAFT BY APPROXIMATION. 



Two neighbouring trees being left unrooted, a branch of 

 each is bent down, and the two limbs strongly tied together, 

 spots being brought in contact where the aubier is naked. 

 When the junction is effected one of the branches may be 



cut off below. 



/ 



GRAFT BY LIGNEOUS SCIONS. 



A branch is cut, like a sort of bud, so as to be fitted to the top 

 of a branch of another tree. Care must be taken so to cut 

 the graft and notch the subject, that they may be exactly 

 adapted. The notches are made in various ways. The most 

 simple is to cut the subject so as to make the insertion in a 

 simple slit ; this is termed cleft-grafting ; when several scions 

 or grafts are inserted upon a large truncated branch, it is 

 called crown-grafting. 

 v 



