THE FLOWERS AND FRUIT. 25 



ously divided ; iu which case the divisions are called segments, 

 and when small teeth. 



Two-, three-, four-, or five-leaved, or many-leaved, when it con- 

 sists of so many distinct pieces or leaves. 



Entire, when a one-leaved calyx has no divisions. 



Tubular, when cylindrical towards the base. 



Spreading, when the leaves or segments stand out horizontally. 



Reflected, when they are bent back. 



Erect, when they stand upright. 



Permanent or Persistent, when it remains till the fruit is ripe. 



Deciduous, when it falls off before the fruit is ripe. 



Caducous, or Fugacious, when it falls off before the corolla. 



Coloured, when of any other colour than green. 



2. The Common Calyx is one which contains a great number 

 of flowers, which are placed so closely together that the whole 

 appears like a single flower. This kind of calyx generally consists 

 of several pieces or leaves, which are in fact bracteas. Properly 

 speaking, this is not a calyx, but an Involucre of a particular 

 kind, investing an expanded receptacle, on which are placed nume- 

 rous small flowers. It is 



Simple, when the flowers are surrounded by a single row of 

 leaves. 



Double, when the flowers are surrounded by two rows of leaves. 



Equal, when in a simple calyx of this kind the leaves are all 

 of equal length. 



Imbricated (Fig. 113, 114.), when the common calyx consists 

 of numerous imbricated leaves or scales, one lying close above 

 another. 



Spherical, Globose, or Globular (Fig. 113.), when it has the 

 form of a sphere or ball. 



Hemispherical (Fig. 114.), when round below and flat above. 



Egg-shaped, when of the form of an egg. 



Cylindrical, when long and round. 



Flat, when the scales are spread out. 



The scales or leaves of the common calyx are described in the 

 same manner as leaves. Thus they may be egg-shaped, lance- 

 shaped, fringed, thorny or spinous, &c. 



3. The Scales of the Catkin (Fig. 105.) are considered as brac- 

 teas, analogous to leaves of a calyx. (Fig. 115.) 



4. The Outer Husk or Chaff-scale (Fig. 116.) is the peculiar 

 calyx of grasses, and plants allied to them. It may be single, of 



