CL. III.] TttlANDRlA MONOGYNIA. 61 



opposite to each other, transverse to the excavation, many- 

 flowered. 



42. E'LYJMUS. Chaff-scales in several parallel pairs, opposite to the 



excavation, each pair containing several flowers. 



43. HO'RDEUM. Chaff-scales in three parallel pairs, opposite to the 



excavation, each pair containing one flower. 



Order III. TRIGYNIA. Three Pistils. 



45. MO'NTIA. Calyx of two leaves. Corolla of one piece. Capsule 



three-valved, three-seeded. 



47. POLYCA'RPON. Calyx of five leaves. Petals five, nearly entire. 

 Capsule three-valved, many-seeded. 



46. HOLO'STEUM. Calyx of five leaves. Petals five, jagged. Cap- 



sule six-toothed, many-seeded. 



TR I AND HI A MONOGYNIA. 



1. VALERIA'NA. VALERIAN. 



Calyx a slight border surmounting the germen. Corolla of one 

 tubular petal with a protuberance or spur at the base ; limb di- 

 vided into five obtuse segments. Filaments awl-shaped, erect, 

 borne upon the corolla ; anther oblong. Germen inferior, oblong, 

 one-celled. Style thread-shaped, as long as the stamens ; stigma 

 simple. Seed oblong, compressed, crowned with the calyx ex- 

 panded into a number of feathery rays. Named from valeo, to 

 prevail, on account of its medical properties. 17. 



1. V. rubra. Red Valerian, Flowers with one stamen, and a long 



spur ; leaves broadly lance-shaped, nearly entire. From one to two 



feet high : lower leaves shortly stalked, entire : upper sessile, broader, 

 sometimes toothed : flowers rose-coloured, numerous, arranged in a 

 corymbose head. Perennial : flowers, from June to September : grows 

 on old walls and among rubbish in various parts of the country, but is 

 not truly indigenous. Eng. Bat. vol. xx. pi. 1531. Eng. Fl. vol. i. 

 p. 42. " 53. 



2. V. diolca. Small Marsh Valerian. Flowers dioecious ; radical 



leaves egg-shaped, stem leaves pinnatifid. Root creeping : stem six 



or eight inches high, erect : terminal lobe of the leaves large : flowers 

 pale rose-coloured. Perennial : flowers in June : grows in moist meadows : 

 frequent in England, rare in Scotland. Eng. Bot. vol. ix. pi. 628. Eng. 

 Ft. vol. i. p. 43. 54. 



3. V. officindlis. Great Wild Valerian. Corolla bulging at the base ; 



leaves all pinnate; leaflets lance-shaped, nearly uniform. From two 



to four feet high : root with long slender fibres, fetid : stem furrowed : 

 leaflets broadly serrated : flowers pale rose-colour or whitish. There is a 

 variety of smaller size, with more narrow leaflets, the root of which is more 

 fetid. Perennial: flowers in June : grows by the side of lakes, in marshes, 

 moist meadows, by hedges, among rubbish, in dry pastures, and in 

 woods: common. The root has a warm bitter taste, and is employed as 

 an antispasmodic, generally in substance, although it communicates its 

 properties to wine, water, or spirits. The roots of those plants which 



r Z 



