CL. lV.~\ TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 97 



hair-like, longer than the corolla; anthers oblong, fixed sidewise. 

 Germen inferior. Style thread-like, as long as the corolla; stigma 

 simple. Seed naked, solitary, oblong, crowned with the calyx. 

 Common receptacle conical, covered with scales. Named from 

 dipsao, to thirst, the upper leaves containing water. 64. 



1. D. Fullonum. Fuller's Teasel. Leaves united, serrate; scales of 



the receptacle hooked backwards ; involucre spreading. Root fleshy, 



tapering : stem five or six feet high, erect, furrowed, prickly, branched 

 above : leaves oblong, sessile, united at the base, serrate : flowers whitish. 

 Cultivated for the use of clothiers, who employ the scales of the recep- 

 tacle to raise the knap upon woollen cloths. For this purpose the heads 

 are fixed round the circumference of a large broad wheel, which is made 

 to turn round, and the cloth is held against them. Biennial : flowers in 

 July : grows about hedges : rare. It is probably only a variety of D. syl- 

 vestris. Eng. Bot. vol. xxix. pi. 2080. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 192. 221. 



2. D. sylve'stris. Wild Teasel. Leaves opposite, serrate ; scales of 

 the receptacle straight ; involucre bent inwards, longer than the head of 



flowers. About four feet high : leaves lance-shaped : heads large. 



Biennial : flowers in July : grows about hedges and by road-sides : fre- 

 quent in England ; rare in Scotland. Eng. Bot. vol. xv. pi. 1032. Eng. 

 Fl. vol. i. p. 193. 222. 



3. D. pilosus. Small Teasel. Shepherd's Staff. Leaves stalked with 

 two leaflets at the base ; receptacle turned downwards, about the length 



of the head. Stem three or four feet high : flowers white, in small, 



round heads. Biennial : flowers in August and September : grows in 

 moist, shadv places: rare. In Norfolk, Suffolk, and Derbyshire. Eng. 

 Bot. vol. xfii. pi. 877. Eng. FL vol. i. p. 193. 223. 



2. SCABIO'SA. SCABIOUS. 



Involucre many-flowered, of many spreading leaves, arranged 

 in several rows. Calyx double, the outer shortest, plaited, the 

 inner in five awl-shaped segments. Corolla of one petal, tubular, 

 dilated upwards; limb with four or five divisions. Filaments 

 hair-like, longer than the limb ; anthers oblong, fixed sidewise. 

 Germen inferior. Style thread-like, as long as the corolla ; stigma 

 blunt, cleft. Seed naked, solitary, crowned by the calyx. Com- 

 mon receptacle convex, chaffy, bristly or naked. Named from 

 scabies, a cutaneous disease. 65. 



1. S. succisa. DeviL's-bit Scabious. Corolla divided into four equal 

 segments ; heads of flowers nearly globular ; leaves of the stem distantly 



toothed. Root fleshy, abrupt at the lower end : stem about a foot 



high : root-leaves inversely egg-shaped, entire : stem-leaves toothed or 

 serrated, the uppermost lance-shaped entire : flowers deep purplish-blue. 

 Perennial : flowers in June and July : grows in meadows and pastures : 

 common. " The great part of the root," says Gerarde; " seemeth to be 

 bitten away : old fantasticke charmers report, that the divel did bite it 

 for envie, because it is an herbe that hath so many good vertues, and is 

 so beneficial to mankinde." Eng. Bot. vol. xiii. pi. 878. Eng. Fl. 

 vol. i. p. 194. 224. 



2. S. arvensis. Field Scabious. Corolla four-cleft ; the external 

 flowers radiating; leaves pinnatifid, jagged; stem bristly. Roots 



I 2 



