98 TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. [CL. IV. 



long, branched: stem about three feet high: root-leaves lance-shaped, 

 serrated, stalked: stem-leaves pinnatifid, sessile: flowers pale-purple, 

 those of the circumference larger. Perennial: flowers in July: grows 

 in pastures, the edges of corn-fields, and by road-sides : common. Eng. 

 Bat. vol. x. pi. 659. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 195. 225. 



3. S. columbdria. Small Scabious. Corolla divided into five unequal 

 segments ; root-leaves egg-shaped, notched ; the others pinnatifid, linear. 



Root woody : stem about a foot high : root-leaves stalked, the 



others sessile : flowers radiating. Perennial: flowers in June and July: 

 grows in dry pastures : frequent in England ; rare in Scotland. Eng. 

 Bot. vol. xix. pi. 1311. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 195. 226. 



3. SHERA'RDIA. FIELD-MADDER. 



Calyx very small, of one leaf, six-toothed, superior. Corolla of 

 one petal, funnel-shaped, with four equal, acute segments. Fila- 

 ments recurved, arising from the mouth of the tube ; anthers 

 roundish. Germen inferior, two-lobed. Style hair-like, cleft at 

 the top j stigmas knobbed. Seeds two, roundish, rough, crowned 

 with the calyx. Named in honour of James Sherard, a patron 

 of botany. ' 66. 



1. S. arvtnsis. Little Field-madder, or Spurwort. All the leaves in 



whorls ; flowers terminal. Root small : stems numerous, spreading, 



generally decumbent: leaves six in a whorl : flowers pale purplish-blue, 

 in a sessile terminal umbel. Annual : flowers from May to July : grows 

 in corn and fallow fields: common. Eng. Bot. vol. xiii. pi. 891. Eng. 

 Fl. vol. i. p. 196. 



4. ASPE'RULA. WOODROFF. 



Calyx small, four-toothed, superior, deciduous. Corolla of one 

 petal, funnel-shaped ; tube nearly cylindrical ; limb in four oblong, 

 spreading segments. Filaments from the mouth of the tube, 

 short ; anthers two-lobed. Germen inferior, two-lobed. Style 

 thread-like, cleft ; stigmas knobbed. Seeds two, adhering toge- 

 ther, not crowned by the calyx. Named from asper, rough. 67. 



1. A. odordta. Sweet Woodruff. Leaves eight in a whorl, lance- 

 shaped ; panicles stalked ; few-flowered. Stems simple, about a foot 



high : leaves spreading, rough at the edges : flowers white. The plant 

 in drying emits a pleasant odour, resembling that of new hay. Perennial : 

 flowers in May : grows in woods and shady places ; common. Eng. 

 Bot. vol. xi. pi. 755. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 197. 228. 



2. A. Cynarichica. Squinancy Wort. Small Woodruff. Leaves four 



in a whorl, linear, the upper ones very unequal ; flowers four-cleft. 



Stems about six inches high : flowers white in terminal panicles. Peren- 

 nial : flowers in June and July : grows on dry banks, in various parts of 

 England. Eng. Bot. vol. i. pi. 33. Eng. Fl. vol. i. p. 198. 229. 



5. GA'LIUM. BED-STRAW. 



Calyx very small, four-toothed, superior. Corolla of one petal, 

 wheel-shaped, with four acute divisions. Filaments from the base 

 of the corolla, awl -shaped, shorter than the limb ; anthers two- 



