186 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. cL. VIII. 



cornered figure : inner calyx rose-coloured : corolla paler. There is a 

 variety with white flowers. Flowers in August: grows on heaths : com- 

 mon. This plant makes excellent and durable thatch, is capable of being 

 converted into ropes for various purposes, forms excellent brooms, and 

 affords a fine yellow dye. Grouse feed almost exclusively upon it and 

 Erica tinerea. Eng. Bot. vol. xv. pi. 1013. Eng. F 1. vol. ii. p. 225. 



596. 

 7. ERI'CA. HEATH. 



Calyx inferior, of four oblong, permanent leaves. Corolla of 

 one petal, egg-shaped or bell-shaped, four-cleft, withering. Fila- 

 ments hair-shaped ; anthers terminal, erect, cleft, united before 

 bursting. Germen superior, roundish. Style thread-shaped, erect ; 

 stigma obtuse. Capsule roundish, four-celled, four-valved, each 

 valve bearing a partition from the centre. Seeds numerous, minute. 

 Named from erico, to break, on account of its supposed pro- 

 perty of destroying stone. 213. 



1. E. cinfrea. Common Heath. Fine-leaved Heath. Anthers with 

 two serrate appendages at the base ; style a little prominent ; stigma 



knobbed ; leaves three together. Stem a foot or more high, branched: 



leaves narrow, linear, three together : flowers numerous, in dense termi- 

 nal clusters, drooping, purplish-red. It is applied to the same purposes 

 as Calluna vulgaris. A shrub: flowers in July and August: grows on 

 heaths, abundantly. Eng. Bot. vol. xv. pi. 1015. Eng. Fl. vol. ii. 

 p. 226. 597. 



2. E. Mediterrdnea. Mediterranean Heath. Anthers without ap- 

 pendages, protruded as well as the style ; corolla pitcher-shaped, narrow; 



leaves four together. A shrub : flowers in April. Discovered in 1830 



by Mr. Mackay in boggy ground, Cunnemara, Ireland, covering a large 

 space of ground. Eng. Bot. Suppl. pi. 2774. Brit. Ft. 4th ed. p. 159. 



598. 



I 3. E. cdrnea. Fleth~coloured Heath. Anthers without appendages, 

 protruded as well as the style ; corolla nearly cylindrical ; leaves four 



together. A shrub : flowers in May and June. Galway, Ireland; 



first found by Miss Martin. Bot. Mag. pi. 11. Brit. Ft. 4th ed. p. 159. 



599. 



4. E. Tet'ralix. Cross-leaved Heath. Anthers with two simple bristles 



at the base ; styles nearly concealed ; leaves fringed, four together. 



Stems from six to twelve inches high, branched below : leaves crowded, 

 spreading, lance-shaped, four together, downy and bristly : flowers in 

 dense terminal clusters, rose-coloured, sometimes white. A shrub : flowers 

 in July and August : grows in boggy heaths : not uncommon. Eng. Bot. 

 vol. xv. pi. 1014. Eng. Fl. vol. ii. p. 226. A variety of this species with 

 broader leaves, and having the style longer than the corolla, found in 

 Cunnemara, Ireland, is considered by many botanists as specifically dis- 

 tinct from the present. It is the E. Mackdii, Mackay't Heath. Comp. 

 to Bot. Mag. vol. i. p. 159. Brit. Fl. 4th ed. p. 158. 600. 



5. E. vdgans. Cornish Heath. Anthers without appendages, protruded 



as well as the style ; corolla bell-shaped ; leaves four together. Stems 



about two feet high, branched : leaves linear, smooth : flower-stalks ax- 

 illar, crowded together for a large space about the middle of each branch : 



