198 DECANDRJA DIGYNIA. [CL. X. 



shaped, divided in a pedate manner into seven lobes ; panicle cyraose, 



many-flowered ; calyx superior, with narrow lance-shaped segments. 



Stems about six inches high, panicled at the top: flowers white, small, 

 erect. Perennial : flowers in May : said to have been found on the 

 mountains of Clova, in Angus-shire, by the late Mr. Don, but gathered 

 by no one else. Eng. Bot. vol. xxxii. pi. 2278. Eng. FL vol. ii. p. 280. 



652. 



8. SCLERAN'THUS. KNAWEL. 



Calyx inferior, of one leaf, tubular, with five shallow acute 

 clefts, permanent, contracted at the neck. Corolla none. Fila- 

 ments from five to ten, awl-shaped, erect; anthers roundish, two- 

 lobed. Germen superior, roundish. Styles thread-shaped, spread- 

 ing, as long as the stamens ; stigmas simple, downy. Capsule egg- 

 shaped, one-celled. Seeds two, convex on one side, flat on the 

 other. Named from scierot, hard, and anthos, a flower. 227. 



1. S. finnuus. Annual Knawel. Calyx of the fruit with acute spread- 

 ing segments ; stems spreading. Roots small, tapering : stems nume- 

 rous, branched, and many-flowered above : leaves linear, acute, united 

 at the base by a membranous fringed border : flowers small, green. 

 Annual : flowers in July : grows in dry fields : common. Eng. Bot, 

 vol. v. pi. 351. Eng. Fl. vol. ii. p. 282. 653. 



2. S. pertnnis. Perennial Knawel. Calyx of the fruit with obtuse 



converging segments ; stems procumbent. Root woody, branched : 



stems numerous, decumbent or prostrate, three or four inches long : 

 leaves linear, tapering. Perennial : flowers in the autumnal months : 

 grows in open dry fields. Eng. Bot. vol. v. pi. 352. Eng. Fl. vol. ii. 

 p. 283. 654. 



9. SAPONA'RIA. SOAP-WORT. 



Calyx inferior, of one leaf, tubular, with five teeth, permanent. 

 Petals five, with narrow angular claws, as long as the calyx, the 

 limb flat, dilated towards the end. Filaments awl-shaped, as long 

 as the calyx ; anthers oblong, obtuse. Germen nearly cylindrical. 

 Styles two, erect, parallel, as long as the stamens ; stigmas acute, 

 downy. Capsule oblong, one-celled, concealed in the calyx. 

 Seeds numerous, roundish. Named from sapo, soap. 228. 



1. S. officindlis. Common Soap-wart. Calyx cylindrical, leaves spear- 

 shaped, inclining to elliptical. A nearly smooth, somewhat succulent 



plant: stems about eighteen inches high, panicled in the upper part: 

 flowers erect, flesh-coloured or white. The whole plant is bitter. When 

 bruised and agitated in water, it raises a lather like soap, which washes 

 greasy spots out of clothes. Perennial : flowers in August and Sep- 

 tember : grows in meadows and in shady places, but is not indigenous. 

 Eng. Bot. vol. xv. pi. 1060. Eng. Fl. vol. ii. p. 284. 655. 



10. DIA'NTHUS. PINK. 



Calyx inferior, of one leaf, cylindrical, striated, permanent, 

 with five teeth at the mouth, and two or more pairs of opposite 

 imbricated scales at the base. Petals five, their claws as long as 

 the calyx, narrow and angular; the limbs flat, dilated towards 



