CL. XI X.^ SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA JEQUALIS. 307 



yellow. Biennial: flowers in July and August: grows on dry banks 

 and in the borders of fields : frequent. Eng. Bot. vol. lii. pi, 196. Eng. 

 FL vol. iii. p. 340. 1108. 



3. SO'NCHUS. SOW-THISTLE. 



Common calyx swelled at the base, of numerous linear, imbri- 

 cated, unequal scales. Compound corolla imbricated, uniform: 

 florets numerous, perfect, equal, strap-shaped, abrupt, with four 

 or five teeth. Filaments five, hair-like, very short ; anthers 

 united into a cylindrical tube. Germen somewhat inversely egg- 

 shaped. Style thread-shaped, as long as the stamens; stigmas 

 two, reflected. Seeds oblong, roughish, inclosed by the perma- 

 nent calyx, which converges into a globular, pointed form: seed- 

 down of many simple hairs, sessile. Receptacle naked, dotted. 

 Name, from somphos, soft. 368. 



1. S. alpimis. Bine Alpine Sow-thistle. Flower-stalks and calyx bristly, 

 leaves somewhat lyre-shaped, their terminal lobe triangular and very 



large. Stems three feet high, erect, furrowed, smooth below, hairv 



above : flowers large, numerous, purplish-blue. Perennial : flowers in 

 July and August : grows in rocky places, in Glen Dole and Glen Isla, 

 Forfavshire. Eng. Bot. vol. xxxiv. pi. 2425. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 341. 



1109. 



2. S. palustris. Tall Marsh Sow-thistle. Flower-stalks and calyx bristly, 

 somewhat umbellate ; leaves runcinate, rough-edged, arrow-shaped at 



the base. Stem from four to eight feet high, angular, hollow: leaves 



large, smooth: panicles terminal, somewhat umbellate: flowers pale- 

 yellow. Perennial : flowers in July and August: grows in marshy places 

 and on the banks of rivers, in England : rare. Eng. Bot. vol. xiii. pi. 935. 

 Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 342. 1110. 



3. S. arvtnsis. Corn Sow-thistle. Flower-stalks and calyx bristly, 

 somewhat umbellate ; leaves runcinate, finely toothed, heart-shaped at 



the base : root creeping. Stem three or four feet high, round, hollow, 



rough above with black hairs: flowers large, deep-yellow. Perennial: 

 flowers in August: grows in corn-fields and hedges: common. En*. 

 Bot. vol. x. pi. 674. Eng. FL vol. iii. p. 342. 1111. 



4. S. olerdceus. Common Sow-thistle. Flower-stalks cottony, cymose ; 



calyx smooth ; leaves runcinate, toothed. Stem from one to two feet 



high, round, smooth, hollow : corolla pale-yellow. Subject to num- 

 berless variations, but in all its states easily distinguishable. Annual : 

 flowers from June to October: grows in cultivated ground, the borders of 

 fields, waste places, and hedges : common. Eng. Bot. vol. xii. pi. 843. 

 Eng. Ft. vol. iii. p. 343. 1112. 



4. LACTU'CA. LETTUCE. 



Common calyx cylindrical, of numerous, pointed, imbricated, 

 unequal, flat scales, membranous at the margin. Compound 

 corolla imbricated, uniform ; florets numerous, perfect, equal, 

 strap-shaped, abrupt, with four or five teeth. Filaments hair-like, 

 very short; anthers united into a cylindrical tube. Germen some- 

 what egg-shaped. Style thread -shaped, as long as the stamens 

 stigmas two, reflected. Seeds egg-shaped, furrowed, roughish, 



