CL. XIX.] SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA .EQUALIS. 315 



Stem about three feet high, branched, furrowed : leaves hoary be- 

 neath : flowers axillar, purple. Biennial : flowers in July and August : 

 grows in pastures and waste ground : common. The calyx is at first 

 more or less covered with a substance resembling cobwebs, which after- 

 wards, especially in rainy weather, disappears. When it is smooth the 

 plant has been named A. Lappa, when downy, A. Bardana. Eng. Bot. 

 vol. xviii. pi. 1228. and vol. xxxv. pi. 2478. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 380, 

 381. 1148. 

 14. SERRA'TULA. SAW-WORT. 



Common calyx oblong, nearly cylindrical, imbricated, of nume- 

 rous lance-shaped scales, permanent. Compound corolla uniform, 

 of numerous, perfect, equal, funnel-shaped florets, their limb 

 divided into five equal segments. Filaments hair-like, very short ; 

 anthers united into a cylindrical tube, as long as the corolla. 

 Germen inversely egg-shaped. Style thread-shaped, as long as 

 the stamens ; stigmas oblong, reflected. Seed inversely egg- 

 shaped, somewhat angular ; seed-down sessile, rough or feathery, 

 permanent. Receptacle chaffy, or hairy, flat. Name from serra, 

 a saw. 379- 



1. S. tinctoria. Common Saw-wort. Leaves pinnatifid, somewhat 



lyre-shaped, with bristly serratures ; seed-down roughish. Stem two 



or three feet high, erect, stiff, branched at the top: flowers purple. Is 

 used for dyeing cloth yellow. Perennial : flowers in July and August : 

 grows in woods, thickets, and pastures : frequent. Eng. Bot. vol. i. pi. 38. 

 Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 382. 1 149. 



2. S. alpina. Alpine Saw-wort. Leaves undivided, broadly lance - 

 shaped, toothed, cottony beneath ; calyx hairy ; seed-down feathery. 

 Stems nearly a foot high, erect, unbranched, woolly : flowers 

 purple, large. Perennial : flowers in July and August : grows on the 

 sides of mountains in Scotland and Wales : frequent. Eng. Bot. vol. ix. 

 pi. 599. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 383. 1150. 



15. CA'RDUUS. THISTLE. 



Common calyx swelled, imbricated, of numerous, lance-shaped, 

 thorn-pointed scales, permanent. Compound corolla uniform, of 

 very numerous, perfect, equal, tubular florets, with a slender re- 

 curved tube, the limb egg-shaped at the base, with five linear 

 segments, one of which is a little distant from the rest. Filaments 

 hair-like, very short; anthers united into a five-toothed cylin- 

 drical tube, about the same length as the corolla. Germen in- 

 versely heart-shaped. Style thread-shaped, longer than the corolla ; 

 stigma undivided or cleft, oblong. Seed inversely egg-shaped, 

 unequally four-cornered, with a slender cylindrical point ; seed- 

 down sessile, hair-like, rough, very long. Receptacle flat, hairy. 

 Name used by the Romans. 380. 



* Leaves decurrent. 



1. C. nutans. Musk Thistle. Leaves interruptedly decurrent ; flowers 

 solitary, drooping; scales of the calyx lance-shaped, cottony, their 

 upper part spreading. Stem two or three feet high, erect, branched : 



