316 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ^EQUALIS. [CL. XIX. 



flower-stalks terminal, downy : flowers drooping, large, purple, emitting 

 a musky odour. Annual: flowers in July and August: grows in dry 

 pastures, waste grounds, and by roads: frequent. Eng. Bat. vol. xvi. 

 pi. 1112. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 384. 1151. 



2. C. acanthoides. Welted Thistle. Leaves decurrent, sinuated, very 

 thorny ; flowers several together, shortly stalked ; calyx globular, with 



linear, partly recurved scales. Stem about three feet high, much 



branched : flowers purplish-crimson. Annual : flowers in June and 

 July : grows in waste ground, and by roads and hedges : frequent. Eng. 

 Bot. vol. xiv. pi. 973. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 385. 1152. 



3. C. tenuiflorus. Slender-Jiou-ered Thistle. Leaves decurrent, sinuated, 

 thorny; flowers several together, sessile; calyx somewhat cylindrical, 



its scales lance-shaped, a little recurved at the point. Stem from two 



to four feet high, erect : leaves cottony beneath : flowers numerous, 

 pale- purplish. Annual : flowers in July and August : grows in waste 

 places, about towns : very abundant about Edinburgh. Eng. Bot. vol. vi. 

 pi. 412. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 385. 1153. 



** Leaves not decurrent. 



4. C. Maridnus. Milk Thistle. Leaves waved, thorny, embracing the 

 stem, the root-leaves pinnatifid ; scales of the calyx resembling leaves, 



recurved, channelled, thorny )at the edges. Stem four or five feet high, 



branched : leaves dark-green, their veins bordered with white : flowers 

 large, solitary, purple. Annual : flowers in June and July : grows in 

 waste ground about towns. Eng. Bot. vol. xiv. pi. 976. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. 

 p. 386. 1154. 



16. CNl'CUS. THISTLE. 



Common calyx swelled, imbricated, of numerous, lance-shaped, 

 thorn-pointed scales, permanent. Compound corolla nearly uni- 

 form, equal, tubular, funnel-shaped florets, with a slender, recurved 

 tube, the limb egg-shaped at the base, with five linear segments. 

 Filaments hair-like, very short; anthers united into a five-toothed 

 cylindrical tube, nearly as long as the corolla. Stigma undivided, 

 or cleft, oblong. Seed inversely egg-shaped, with a slender, cylin- 

 drical point ; seed-down sessile, feathery, very long. Receptacle 

 flat, covered with bristles as long as the tubes of the florets. 

 Name from cm'zo, to prick. 381. 



* Leaies decurrent. 



5. C. lanceoldtus. Spear Thistle. Leaves decurrent, bristly, pinnatifid, 

 their segments generally three-lobed, spreading in different directions, 

 thorny ; calyx egg-shaped, woolly, with lance-shaped, thorn-pointed 

 cales, spreading above. Stem branched, stout, from one to three 

 feet high : leaves woolly beneath, with a very long and very sharp 

 point : flowers large, purple, single or in pairs. Biennial : flowers in 

 July and August: grows by road-sides, and in waste places, dry pas- 

 tures, and neglected fields : frequent. Eng. Bot. vol. ii. pi. 107 : Car- 

 duus lanceolatus. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 388. 1155. 



6. C. palustris. Marsh Thistle. Leaves decurrent, bristly, pinnatifid, 

 thorny ; calyx egg-shaped, with broadly lance-shaped, minutely thorn- 

 pointed, closely-pressed scales ; flowers several together. Stem from 



three to five feet high, erect, rather slender, covered with short weak 



