Cli. XIX.] SYNGENESIA POLYGABIIA .ffiQUALIS. 317 



thorns : leaves woolly beneath : scales of the calyx purple, keeled near 

 the end with a soft shining substance : flowers purple. Biennial : 

 flowers in July: grows in moist meadows, by ditches and pools: fre- 

 quent. Eng. Bot. vol. xiv. pi. 974 : Carduus palustris. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. 

 p. 388. 1156. 



** Leaves not decurrent. 



7. C. arvtnsls. Field Thistle. Leaves sessile, pinnatifid, thorny ; stem 

 panicled ; calyx egg-shaped, with closely-pressed, minutely thorn-pointed 



scales. Stem from two to four feet high, round, smooth, angular : 



leaves bare beneath : flower-stalks cottony : flowers pale-purple. Peren- 

 nial : flowers in July : grows in corn-fields, pastures, and waste places : 

 common. Eng. Bot. vol. xiv. pi. 975. 1157. 



8. C. eriophorus. Woolly-headed Thistle. Leaves pinnatifid, with 

 thorny segments pointing two ways, bristly above ; calyx globular, 



densely woolly, with minutely thorn-pointed scales. Stem three feet 



high, furrowed, slightly hairy : flowers numerous, very large, purple. 

 Biennial : flowers in August : grows by roads and in dry pastures : not 

 common. Eng. Bot. vol. vi. pi. 386. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 390. 1158. 



9. C. tuberosns. Tuberous Thistle. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, lobed, 

 fringed with prickles, the lower ones stalked ; stem smooth, almost one- 

 flowered ; scales of the calyx minutely thorn-pointed, nearly smooth ; 



root creeping, tuberous. Stem two feet high, erect, straight, furrowed, 



hairy : flower erect, bright-purple. Perennial : flowers in August. 

 Found by Mr. Lambert in a thicket on the Wiltshire downs. Eng. Bot. 

 vol. xxxvi. pi. 2562. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 391. 1 159. 



10. C. heterophy'llus. Melancholy Thistle. Leaves embracing the 

 stem, lance-shaped, fringed, undivided or pinnatifid, smooth on their 

 upper side, densely cottony beneath ; stem downy, almost one-flowered. 



Stem three feet high, erect, hollow, cottony, bearing a single large, 



purple flower. Perennial : flowers in July and August : grows in moist 

 pastures in Scotland, Wales, and the north of England : frequent. Eng. 

 Bot. vol. x. pi. 675 : Carduus heterophyllus. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 392. 



1160. 



11. C. prattnsit. Meadow Thistle. Leaves sessile, lance-shaped, 

 waved, fringed with unequal thorns, cottony beneath ; stem downy, one- 

 flowered ; calyx cottony, its scales lance-shaped. Stem about a foot 



high, furrowed, bearing a single pale-purple flower. Perennial; flowers 

 in June and July : grows in moist pastures: not common. Eng. Bot. 

 vol. iii. pi. 177 : Carduus pratensis. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 393. 1161. 



12. C. acaulis. Dwarf Thistle. Scape one-flowered, shorter than the 

 smooth calyx. Leaves oblong, pinnatifid, spreading close to the 



round : flower almost sessile, large, purple. Perennial : flowers in 

 uly : grows in dry 'pastures in England : common in some places. Eng. 

 Bot. vol. iii. pi. 16l'. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 394. 1162. 



17. ONOPO'RDUM. COTTON-THISTLE. 



Common calyx roundish, tumid, imbricated, of numerous lance- 

 shaped, thorn-pointed scales, permanent. Compound corolla uni- 

 form, with very numerous, equal, funnel-shaped corollas ; their 

 tube very slender ; the limb deeply divided into five linear, equal 

 segments. Filaments hair-like, very short ; anthers united into a 



