318 8YNGENESIA POI.YGAMIA .2EQUALIP. [CL. XIX. 



five-toothed cylindrical tube. Germen inversely egg-shaped, short. 

 Style thread-shaped, longer than the stamens ; stigma oblong, 

 notched. Seed inversely egg-shaped, pointed, smooth; seed-down 

 hair-like, sessile, rough, deciduous. Receptacle convex, fleshy, 

 deeply cellular, somewhat chaffy. Name from onos, an ass. 382. 



1. 0. Acdnthium. Common Cotton-thistle. Scales of the calyx awl- 

 shaped, spreading in every direction ; leaves oblong, inclining to egg- 

 shaped, sinuated, woolly on both sides. Stem four or five feet high, 



branched, woolly : flowers large, purple. Biennial: flowers in July and 

 August : grows in waste ground, and by roads and hedges : frequent. 

 Eng. Bot. vol. xiv. pi. 977. Eng. Ft. vol. iii. p. 395. 1163. 



18. CARLI'NA. CARLINE-THISTLE. 



Common calyx cylindrical, somewhat swelled, imbricated, of 

 numerous, loose, acute, permanent scales, the innermost much 

 longer, linear, coloured, spreading horizontally ; the outer thorn- 

 pointed. Compound corolla uniform, flat, with numerous, equal, 

 funnel-shaped florets; their limb deeply divided into five erect 

 segments. Filaments hair-like, very short ; anthers united into a 

 cylindrical tube, each with two deflected bristles at the base. 

 Germen inversely egg-shaped. Style thread-shaped, as long as the 

 anthers; stigma oblong. Seed conical, abrupt, roughish ; seed- 

 down partly chaffy, partly feathery, permanent. Receptacle flat, 

 covered with linear, chaffy scales, many-cleft at the top. Named 

 after Carolus Magnus, Charlemagne. 383. 



1. C.vulgdris. Common Carline-thistle. Stem corymbose, many- 

 flowered ; flowers terminal ; outer scales of the calyx pinnatind. 



Stem about a foot high, erect, downy : leaves lance-shaped, sinuated, 

 bordered with prickles : flowers red. The flowers, which expand in dry 

 weather, and close before rain, retain this property after they are dried, 

 and are used as hygrometers. Biennial : flowers in June : grows in 

 dry sandy pastures and fields : frequent. Eng. Bot. vol. xvi. pi. 1144. 

 Eng. FL vol. iii. p. 397. 1164. 



19. BI'DENS. BUB-MARIGOLD. 



Common calyx erect, of several oblong, nearly equal, parallel 

 scales, concave or channelled on the back. Compound corolla 

 level at the top, of several parallel, perfect, tubular, equal florets ; 

 their limb egg-shaped, with five marginal, spreading segments. 

 Filaments hair-like, very short; anthers united into a cylindrical 

 tube. Germen oblong, compressed, with bristly erect points on 

 its outside. Style thread-shaped, as long as the stamens ; stigmas 

 oblong, reflected. Seed angular, abrupt, beaked with two or more 

 bristles, which are rough with deflected prickles. Receptacle flat, 

 covered with erect, chaffy, oblong, deciduous scales. Name from 

 fas, double, and dens, a tooth. 384. 



1. B. efrnua. Nodding Bur-mari'nvW. Leaves lance-shaped, serrate; 

 flowers drooping; bracteas lance-shaped, nearly equal; bristles of the 

 seed about four, erect. Stem erect, two or three feet high : flowers 



