CL. XIX.] SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUSTBANEA. 333 



* Scales of the calyx jagged or fringed. 



1. C. Jacga. Brown Knapweed. Scales of the calyx membranous, 

 torn, the lower ones pinnatifid; leaves between lance-shaped and linear, 



root-leaves broader, toothed; flowers with rays. Stem a foot high, 



erect, angular, branched : flowers solitary, terminal, light-crimson, on 

 tumid stalks : scales of the calyx brown, the outer deeply pinnatifid, the 

 inner terminating in a light-brown, jagged lobe. Perennial : flowers in 

 August and September ; grows in meadows and moist woods : found in 

 Sussex, by Mr. Borrer: in Angus-shire, by Mr. D. Don. Eng. Bot. 

 vol. xxiv. pi. 1768. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 464. 1223. 



2. C. nigra. Black Knapweed. Scales of the calyx lance-shaped, 

 fringed at the tip with hair-like teeth ; lower leaves lyre-shaped ; upper 



ones between egg-shaped and lance-shaped ; flowers without rays. 



Stem from two or three feet high, woolly when young, afterwards rough : 

 leaves rough : scales of the calyx tipped with an egg-shaped membra- 

 nous expansion of a dark-brown colour, fringed with long linear teeth : 

 flowers purple. Perennial : flowers in July and August : grows in dry 

 pastures : common. Eng. Bot. vol. iv. pi. 278. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 465. 



1224. 



3. C. Cydnus, Corn Blue-bottle. Scales of the calyx serrate : leaves 



linear, entire, the lower ones toothed towards their base. Stem two or 



three feet high, slender, branched, loosely cottony, as are the leaves : 

 flowers numerous, solitary : florets of the disk large, and of a bright-blue, 

 those of the ray short and purplish. Annual : flowers in July and August: 

 grows in corn-fields: common. Eng. But. vol. iv. pi. 277. Eng. FL 

 vol. iii. p. 466. 1225. 



4. C. Scabiosa. Greater Knapweed. Scales of the calyx egg-shaped, 

 fringed, somewhat downy ; leaves pinnatifid, with lance-shaped, acute 



segments. Stem three feet high, erect, branched, angular: flowers 



terminal, solitary, large, crimson: scales of the calyx black and triangular 

 at the end, fringed with pale bristles. Perennial : flowers in July and 

 August : grows in dry pastures and corn-fields : frequent. Eng. Bot. 

 vol. i. pi. 56. Eng. Fl. vol. iii. p. 467. 1226. 



** Scales of the calyx palmate and thorny. 



5. C. Isndrdi. Jersey Star-thistle. Scales of the calyx with palmate 

 spines; leaves oblong, toothed or pinnatifid, roughish, slightly embracing 



the stem : flowers terminal, solitary, leafy at the base. Stems about 



eight inches long, branched, recumbent : flowers light-purple. Peren- 

 nial : flowers in July and August : grows in pastures in Guernsey : rare. 

 Eng. Bot. pi. 2256. Eng. FL vol. iii. p. 468. 1227. 



*** Scales of the calyx with compound thorns. 



6. C. Calcitrapa. Common Star-thistle. Flowers sessile; scales of 

 the calyx with branched thorns ; leaves pinnatifid ; toothed ; stem hairy. 

 Stem short, spreading, much branched, furrowed : flowers rose- 

 coloured : scales of the calyx terminating in a large channelled thorn, 

 fringed at the base with smaller prickles: the filaments contract when 

 touched. Annual : flowers in July and August : grows in dry pastures 

 and by roads, in various parts of England. Eng. Bot. vol.ii. pi. 125. 

 Eng.Fl. vol. iii. p. 468. 



7. C. solstitidlis. St. Barnaby's Thistle. Flowers terminal, solitary ; 



2 F 



