CL. XXII.] DlffiCCA MONADELPHIA. 383 



part, being the points of the calyx now united to the fruit, and 

 three small teeth at the summit, originating from the petals. Seeds 

 oblong, hard, convex externally, angular internally. Name from 

 jenepre, in Celtic, rough. 457. 



1. /. communis. Common Juniper. Leaves three in each whorl, 



thorn-pointed, spreading, longer than the ripe fruit ; stem erect. A 



shrub, from two to five feet high, with very numerous branches : leaves 

 linear, channelled and glaucous above: convex and keeled beneath: 

 three in each whorl : flowers axillar, sessile, small : berries- globular, 

 bluish-black, sweetish, with a strong taste of turpentine. The berries are 

 used in Holland in the distillation of gin. In this country oil of turpen- 

 tine is employed for the same purpose. Flowers in May : grows on dry 

 heaths : common. Eng. Bot. vol. xvi. pi. 1100. Eng. Fl. vol. iv. p. 251. 



1453. 



2. J. ndna. Dwarf Alpine Juniper. Leaves three in each whorl, 



thorn-pointed, ascending, as long as the ripe fruit ; stem recumbent. 



A small shrub with prostrate stems -. leaves more or less curved : berries 

 much larger and more oval than in the other species, of which some con- 

 sider it as a variety. Flowers in May: grows on the higher mountains of 

 Scotland : very abundant in the outer Hebrides, nearly as low as the 

 level of the sea. Eng. Fl. vol.iv. p. 252. 1454. 



14. TA'XUS. YEW. 



Barren Flowers. Calyx none; excepting a bud. Corolla none. 

 Filaments numerous, united at their lower part into a column 

 longer than the bud ; anthers depressed, with eight rounded 

 segments, opening all round the base, afterwards becoming flat 

 and peltate. 



Fertile Flowers. Calyx minute, inferior, cup-shaped, after- 

 wards enlarged, permanent. Corolla none. Germen superior, 

 egg-shaped, acute. Style none ; stigma obtuse. Berry formed 

 of the enlarged, pulpy, coloured calyx. Seed one, oblong, pro- 

 jecting beyond the enlarged calyx. Name from toxos, an arrow, 

 because that weapon was anciently poisoned with its juice. 458. 



1. T. bacaita. Common Yew. Leaves two-rowed, linear, crowded. 

 A tree with deciduous bark, and horizontal branches : leaves dark- 

 green, smooth and shining above, paler beneath : flowers axillar, solitary, 

 each from an imbricated bud . berries scarlet. The wood is hard and 

 tough, and is used for cabinet-work : the leaves are fetid and poisonous : 

 the berries have a sweetish taste, and may be eaten with safety. It bears 

 clipping, and forms excellent hedges. Flowers in March and April : 

 grows on rocky places in Cumberland and Westmoreland : very rare in 

 Scotland. Eng. Bot. vol. xi. pi. 746. Eng. Fl. vol. iv. p. 253. 1455. 



