388 CRYPTOGAMIA FERNS. [CL. XXIV. 



lance-shaped, pinnate ; leaflets heart-shaped, pinnatifid, their segments 



rounded. Fronds from two to three inches high. Perennial : grows on 



Snowdon in Wales, Ben Lawers and Clova mountains in Scotland. Eng. 

 Bot. vol. xxix. pi. 2023 : Polypodium hyperboreum. Eng. Ft. vol. iv. 

 p. 323. 1468. 



2. W. Ilvtnais. Oblong- leaved Woodsia. Fronds scaly beneath, lance- 

 shaped, pinnate ; leaflets oblong, pinnatifid with oblong segments. 



Fronds from two to three inches high. Perennial : bears fruit from July 

 to September : grows on rocks in Wales and the north of England : rare. 

 Eng. Fi. vol. iv. p. 322. 1469. 



4. ASPl'DIUM. SHIELD-FERN. 



Sori round, convex, scattered over the back of the frond, in rows, 

 between the central rib of each lobe and the margin. Covers or- 

 bicular or kidney-shaped. Capsules very numerous, globular, on 

 hair-like stalks, one-celled, two-valved, bound by a jointed ring. 

 Seeds numerous, roundish, very minute. Named from aspix, a 

 shield. 463. 



* Frond pinnate. 



1. A. Lonchitis. Eough Alpine Shield-fern. Frond between lance- 

 shaped and linear, pinnate ; leaflets crescent-shaped, lobed above at the 



base, bristly-serrate, the upper ones only bearing fruit ; stalk scaly. 



Fronds from six to nine inches high, deep-green. Perennial : bears fruit 

 in May and June : grows in clefts of the rocks in the Highlands of Scot- 

 land, and in Wales. Eng. Bot. vol. xii. pi. 797: Polypodium Lonchitis. 

 Eng. Fl. vol. iv. p. 284. 1470. 



** Frond more or less twice pinnate. 



2. A. Thely'pteris. Marsh Shield-fern. Frond pinnate; leaflets between 

 linear and lance-shaped, deeply pinnatifid, slightly downy, somewhat 

 crenate, the lower segments elongated ; sori globular, finally confluent. 

 Root creeping: fronds upwards of a foot high, deep-green. Peren- 

 nial : bears fruit in July: grows in marshes and boggy meadows: com- 

 mon. Eng. Bot. vol. xv. pi. 1018: Polypodium Thelypteru. Eng. Fl. 

 vol. iv. p. 285. 1471. 



3. A. Oreopler'a. Heath Shield-fern. Frond pinnate ; leaflets lance- 

 shaped, entire, sprinkled on the back with resinous globules ; sori nearly 

 marginal, finally confluent. Fronds about a foot high, erect, lance- 

 shaped, with very short, scaly stalks. Perennial : bears fruit in July : 

 grows in dry woods and on heaths : common, especially in Scotland. 

 Eng. Bot. vol. xv. pi. 1019 : Polypodium Oreofiteris. Eng. Fl. vol. iv. 

 p. 286. 1472. 



4. A. Filix-mds. Male Shield-fern. Frond twice pinnate ; leaflets 

 oblong, obtuse, serrate ; sori near the central rib ; stalk and shaft scaly. 

 Fronds three feet high, erect, lance-shaped, with short stalks. Pe- 

 rennial : bears fruit m June and July : grows in woods and on shady 

 banks: common. Eng. Bot. vol. xxi. pi. 1458. Eng. Fl. vol. iv. 

 p. 288. 1473. 



5. A. cristdtum. Crested Shield-fern. Frond almost twice pinnate ; 

 leaflets decurrent, egg-shaped, obtuse, crenate, or pinnatifid, with acute 

 terminal teeth ; son in the middle, between the central rib and margins; 



