96 CUNEIFORM BONES. 



the long articular border forwards, the concave surface will point to 

 the side corresponding with the foot to which it belongs. 



The convex surface is internal and free, and assists in forming 

 the inner border of the foot, and the concave is external, and in 

 apposition "with the middle cuneiform and second metatarsal bone ; 

 the long border articulates with the metatarsal bone of the great 

 toe, and the short border with the scaphoid bone. The small extre- 

 mity is sharp, and the larger extremity rounded into a broad tuberosity. 



Articulations. With four bones ; a scaphoid, middle cuneiform, 

 and the two first metatarsal bones. 



Attachment of Muscles. To the tibialis anticus, and posticus. 



The MIDDLE CUNEIFORM is the smallest of the three ; it is wedge- 

 shaped, the broad extremity being placed upwards, and the sharp 

 end downwards in the foot. It presents for examination four arti- 

 cular surfaces and two extremities. The anterior and posterior sur- 

 faces have nothing worthy of remark. One of the lateral surfaces 

 has a long articular facet, extending its whole length, for the inter- 

 nal cuneiform ; the other has only a partial articular facet for the 

 external cuneiform bone. 



If the bone be held so that the square extremity look upwards, the 

 broadest side of the square being towards the holder, the small and 

 partial articular surface will point to the side to which the bone 

 belongs. 



Articulations. With four bones ; scaphoid, internal and external 

 cuneiform, and second metatarsal bone. 



Attachment of Muscles. To the flexor brevis pollicis. 



The EXTERNAL CUNEIFORM is intermediate in size between the two 

 preceding, and placed, like the middle, with the broad end upwards 

 and the sharp extremity downwards. It presents for examination 

 five surfaces, and a superior and an inferior extremity. The upper 

 extremity is flat, of an oblong square form, and bevelled posteriorly 

 at the expense of the outer surface, into a sharp edge. 



If the bone be held so that the square extremity look upwards 

 and the sharp border backwards, the bevelled surface will point to 

 the side corresponding with the foot to which the bone belongs. 



Articulations. With six bones ; scaphoid, middle cuneiform, cu- 

 boid, and second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones. 



Attachment of Muscles. To its inferior extremity, the flexor 

 brevis pollicis. 



The CUBOID BONE is irregularly cuboid in form, and marked 

 upon its under surface by a deep groove, for the tendon of the 

 peroneus longus muscle. It presents for examination six surfaces, 

 three articular and three non-articular.- The non-articular surfaces 

 are the superior, which is slightly convex, and assists in forming 

 the dorsum of the foot ; the inferior, marked by a prominent ridge 

 and a deep groove, for the tendon of the peroneus longus ; and an 

 external, the smallest of the whole, and deeply notched by the com- 

 mencement of the peroneal groove. The articular surfaces are the 

 posterior, which is of large size, and concavo-convex, to articulate 



