98 PHALANGES. 



form bones ; a large oval facet, but often no articular surface, on 

 its inner side, to articulate with the metatarsal bone of the great 

 toe, and two externally for the metatarsal bone. 



The third may be known by two facets upon the outer side of its 

 base, corresponding with the second, and may be distinguished by 

 its smaller size. 



The fourth may be distinguished by its smaller size, and by 

 having a single articular surface on each side of the base. 



The fftfi is recognised by its broad base, and by the absence of 

 articular surface upon its outer side. 



Developement. Each bone by two centres ; one for the body and 

 one for the digital extremity in the four outer metatarsal bones ; and 

 one for the body, the other for the base in the metatarsal bone of 

 the great toe. 



Articulations. With the tarsal bones by one extremity, and with 

 the first row of phalanges by the other. The number of tarsal 

 bones with which each metatarsal articulates from within outwards, 

 is the same as between ' the metacarpus and carpus, one for the 

 first, three for the second, one for the third, two for the fourth, and 

 one for the fifth ; forming the cipher 13121. 



Attachment of Muscles. To fourteen; to the first, the peroneus 

 longus and first dorsal interosseous muscle ; to the second, two dor- 

 sal interossei and transversus pedis ; to the third, two dorsal and 

 one plantar interosseous, adductor pollicis and transversus pedis ; to 

 the fourth, two dorsal and one plantar interosseous and adductor 

 pollicis; to the fifth, one dorsal and one plantar interosseous, pero- 

 neus brevis, peroneus tertius, abductor minimi digiti, flexor brevis 

 minimi digiti, and transversus pedis. 



PHALANGES. There are two phalanges in, the great toe, and three 

 in the other toes, as in the hand. They are long bones, divisible 

 into a central portion and extremities. 



The phalanges of the first row are convex above, concave upon 

 the under surface, and compressed from side to side. The posterior 

 extremity has a single concave articular surface, for the head of the 

 metatarsal bone ; and the anterior extremity, a pulley-like surface, 

 for the second phalanx. 



The second phalanges are short and diminutive, but somewhat 

 broader than the first row. 



The third, or ungual phalanges, including the second phalanx of 

 the great toe, are flattened from above downwards, and spread out 

 laterally at the base, to articulate with the second row, and, at the 

 opposite extremity, to support the nail and the rounded extremity of 

 the toe. 



Developement. By two centres; one for the body and one for the 

 metacarpal extremity. 



Articulations. The first row with the metatarsal bones and second 

 phalanges ; the second, of the great toe with the first phalanx, and 

 of the other toes with the first and third phalanges ; and the third, 

 with the second row. 



