138 



TARSO-METATAESAL ARTICULATION. 



Fig. 65.* 



second interosseous ligament, also very strong, is situated between 

 the sides of the scaphoid and cuboid bone ; while the three remain- 

 ing ligaments connect strongly together the three cuneiform bones 

 and the cuboid. 



The synovial membranes of the tarsus are four in number ; one, 

 for the posterior calcaneo-astragaloid articulation ; a second, for the 

 anterior calcaneo-astragaloid and astragalo-scaphoid articulation. 

 Occasionally an additional small synovial membrane is found in 

 the anterior calcaneo-astragaloid joint ; a third, for the calcaneo- 

 cuboid articulation ; and a fourth, the large tarsa! synovial mem- 

 brane for the articulations between the scaphoid and three cunei- 

 form bones, the cuneiform bones with each other, the external 

 cuneiform bone with the cuboid, and the two external cuneiform 

 bones with the bases of the second and third metatarsal bones. 

 The prolongation which reaches the metatarsal bones passes for- 

 wards between the internal and middle cuneiform bones. A small 

 synovial membrane is sometimes met with between the contiguous 

 surfaces of the scaphoid and cuboid bone. 



Actions. The movements permitted by the ar- 

 ticulation between the astragalus and os calcis, are 

 a slight degree of gliding, in the directions forwards 

 and backwards and laterally from side to side. 

 The movements of the second range of tarsal 

 bones are very trifling, being greater between the 

 scaphoid and three cuneiform bones than in the 

 other articulations. The movements occurring 

 between the first and second range are the most 

 considerable ; they are adduction and abduction, 

 and, in a minor degree, flexion, which increases 

 the arch of the foot, and extension, which flattens 

 the arch. 



6. Tarso-metatarsal Articulations. The liga- 

 ments of this articulation are, 

 Dorsal, 

 Plantar, 

 Interosseous. 



The dorsal ligaments connect the metatarsal 

 to the tarsal bones, and the metatarsal bones with 

 each other. 



The plantar ligaments have the same disposition on the plantar 

 surface. 



* The ligaments of the sole of the foot. 1. The os calcis. 2. The astragalus. 3. 

 The tuberosity of the scaphoid bone. 4. The long calcaneo-cuboid ligament. 5 Part 

 of the short calcaneo-cuboid ligament. 6. The calcaneo-scaphoid ligament. 7. The 

 plantar tarsal ligaments. 8, 8. The tendon of the peroneus longus muscle. 9, 9. Plantar 

 tarso-metatarsal ligaments. 10. Plantar ligament of the metatarso-phalangeal articula- 

 tion of the great toe; the same ligament is seen upon the other toes. 11. Lateral 

 ligaments of the metatarso-phalangeal articulation. 12. Transverse ligament. 13. 

 The lateral ligaments of the phalanges of the great toe ; the same ligaments are seen 

 upon the other toes. 



