LONGUS COLLI. 171 



Relations. By its anterior surface with the sterno-mastoid and 

 omo-hyoid muscle, with the cervicalis ascendens, and posterior sca- 

 pular artery, with the phrenic nerve, and with the subclavian vein, 

 by which it is separated from the subclavius muscle and clavicle. 

 By its posterior surface with the nerves which go to form the 

 brachial plexus, and below with the subclavian artery. By its 

 inner side it is separated from the longus colli by the vertebral artery. 

 Its relations with the subclavian artery and vein are very impor- 

 tant, the vein being before and the artery behind the muscle.* 



The scalenus pusticus arises from the posterior tubercles of all 

 the cervical vertebrae excepting the first. It is inserted by two 

 fleshy slips into the first and second ribs. The anterior of the two 

 slips is very large, and occupies all the surface of the rib between 

 the groove for the subclavian artery and the tuberosity. The pos- 

 terior is small. Hence the scalenus medius and posticus of some 

 anatomists. 



Relations. By its anterior surface with the brachial plexus and 

 subclavian artery ; posteriorly with the levator anguli scapulae, cer- 

 vicalis ascendens, transversalis colli and sacro-lumbalis ; internally 

 with the first intercostal muscle, the first rib, the inter-transverse 

 muscles, and cervical vertebrae ; and externally with the sterno- 

 mastoid, omo-hyoid, supra-scapular, and posterior scapular arteries. 



The longus colli is a long and flat muscle, consisting of two 

 portions. The upper arises from the anterior tubercle of the atlas, 

 and is inserted into the transverse processes of the third, fourth, 

 and fifth cervical vertebra?. The lower portion arises from the 

 bodies of the second and third, and transverse processes of the 

 fourth and fifth, and passes down the neck, to be inserted into the 

 bodies of the three lower cervical and three upper dorsal vertebrae. 

 We should thus arrange these attachments in a tabular form : 



Origin. Insertion. 



Upper } . , ( 3d, 4th, and 5th transverse 



portion. 3 ( processes. 



j } 2d and 3d bodies ( 3 lower cervical vertebras 



,. > 4th and 5th transverse < bodies 



) processes . ( 3 upper dorsal bodies. 



In general terms, the muscle is attached to the bodies 'and trans- 

 verse processes of the five superior cervical vertebrae above, and to 

 the bodies of the three last cervical and three first dorsal below. 



Relations. By its anterior surface with the pharynx, oesophagus, 

 the sheath of the common carotid internal jugular vein and pneumo- 

 gastric nerve, the sympathetic nerve, inferior laryngeal nerve, and 



arising from the fourth, fifth, and sixth ; the medius from all the cervical vertebrae ; 

 and the posticus from the fifth and sixth. I have always had a difficulty in separa- 

 ting the medius and posticus. G. 



* In a subject dissected in the school of the Middlesex Hospital during the last 

 winter, by Mr. Joseph Rogers, the subclavian artery of the left side was placed with 

 the vein in front of the scalenus anticus muscle. 



