242 



MUSCLES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT. 



Dissection. The sole of the foot is best dissected by carrying an 

 incision around the heel, and along the inner and outer borders of 

 the foot, to the great and little toes. This incision should divide the 

 integument and superficial fascia, and both together should be dis- 

 sected from the deep fascia, as far forward as the base of the pha- 

 langes, where they may be removed from the foot altogether. The 

 deep fascia should then be removed, and the first layer of muscles 

 will be brought into view. 



Fig. 95 * 



Fig. 96.t 



The Abductor pollicis lies along the inner border of the foot ; it 

 arises by two heads, between which the tendons of the long flexors, 

 arteries, veins, and nerves enter the sole of the foot. One head 

 arises from the inner tuberosity of the os calcis, the other from the 

 internal annular ligament and plantar fascia. Insertion, into the 

 base of the first phalanx of the great toe, and into the internal sesa- 

 moid bone. 



* The first layer of muscles in the sole of the foot ; this layer is exposed by the removal 

 of the plantar fascia. 1. The os calcis. 2. The posterior part of the plantar fascia 

 divided transversely. 3. The abductor pollicis. 4. The abductor minimi digiti. 5. 

 The flexor brevis digitorum. 6. The tendon of the flexor longus pollicis muscle. 7, 7. 

 The lumbricales. On the second and third toes, the tendons of the flexor longus digi- 

 torum are seen passing through the bifurcation of the tendons of the flexor brevis 

 digitorum. 



t The third and a part of the second layer of muscles of the sole of the foot. 1. The 

 divided edge of the plantar fascia. 2. The musculus accessorius. 3. The tendon of 

 the flexor longus digitorum, previously to its division. 4. The tendon of the flexor 

 longus pollicis. 5. The flexor brevis pollicis. 6. The adductor pollicis. 7. The flexor 

 brevis minimi digiti. 8. The transversus pedis. 9.- Interossei muscles, plantar and 

 dorsal. 10. A convex ridge formed by the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle in its 

 oblique course across the foot. 



