INTERNAL 3IAXILLARY ARTERY. 275 



and at about an inch and a half above the zygomatic arch, divides 

 into an anterior and a posterior temporal branch. The anterior 

 temporal is distributed over the front of the temple and arch of the 

 skull, and anastomoses with the opposite anterior temporal, and with 

 the supra-orbital and frontal artery. The posterior temporal curves 

 upwards and backwards, and inosculates with its fellow of the oppo- 

 site side, with the posterior auricular and occipital artery. 



The trunk of the temporal artery is covered in by the parotid 

 gland and by the attrahens aurem muscle, and rests upon the tem- 

 poral fascia. 



Branches. 



Orbitar, 



Anterior auricular, 



Middle temporal. 



The Orbitar artery is a small branch, not always present, which 

 passes forwards immediately above the zygoma, between the two 

 layers of the temporal fascia, and inosculates beneath the orbicularis 

 palpebrarum with the palpebral arteries. 



The Anterior auricular arteries are distributed to the anterior por- 

 tion of the pinna. 



The Middle temporal branch passes through an opening in the 

 temporal fascia immediately above the zygoma, and supplies the 

 temporal muscle inosculating with the deep temporal arteries. 



11. The INTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY, the other terminal branch 

 of the external carotid, has next to be examined. 



Dissection. The Internal maxillary artery passes inwards behind 

 the neck of the lower jaw to the deep structures in the face ; we 

 require, therefore, to remove several parts for the purpose of seeing 

 it completely. To obtain a good view of the vessel, the zygoma 

 should be sawn across in front of the external ear, and the malar 

 bone near to the orbit. Turn down the zygomatic arch with the 

 masseter muscle. In doing this, a small artery and nerve will be 

 seen crossing the sigmoid arch of the lower jaw, and entering the 

 masseter muscle (the masseteric). Cut away the tendon of the tem- 

 poral muscle from its insertion into the coronoid process, and turn it 

 upwards towards its origin ; some vessels will be seen entering its 

 under surface ; these are the deep temporal Then saw the ramus 

 of the jaw across its middle, and dislocate it from its articulation 

 with the temporal bone. Be careful in doing this to carry the blade 

 of the knife close to the bone, lest any branches of nerves should 

 be injured. Next raise this portion of bone, and with it the external 

 pterygoid muscle. The artery, together with the deep branches of 

 the inferior maxillary nerve, will be seen lying upon the pterygoid 

 muscles. These are to be carefully freed of fat and cellular tissue, 

 and then examined. 



This artery (fig. 103, No. 12) commences in the substance of the 

 parotid gland, opposite the meatus auditorius externus, it passes in 

 the first instance horizontally forwards behind the neck of the lower 





