LYMPHATICS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY. 349 



arteries, by the side of the pharnyx, oesophagus, and trachea, and 

 extend from the base of the skull to the root of the neck, where 

 they are in communication with the lymphatic vessels and glands 

 of the thorax. 



The Superficial lymphatic vessels of the head and face are disposed 

 in three groups; occipital, which take the course of the occipital 

 vein to the occipital and deep cervical glands; temporal, which fol- 

 low the branches of the temporal vein to the parotid and deep cer- 

 vical glands ; and facial, which accompany the facial vein to the 

 submaxillary lymphatic glands. 



The Deep lymphatic vessels of the head are the meningeal and 

 cerebral; the former are situated in connexion with the meningeal 

 veins, and escape through foramina at the base of the skull, to join 

 the deep cervical glands. The cerebral lymphatics, according to 

 Fohmann, are situated upon the surface of the pia mater. They 

 pass most probably through the foramina at the base of the skull, to 

 terminate in the deep cervical glands. 



The Deep lymphatic vessels of the face proceed from the nasal 

 fossae, mouth, and pharynx, and terminate in the submaxillary and 

 deep cervical glands. 



The Superficial and deep cervical lymphatic vessels accompany the 

 jugular veins, passing from gland to gland, and at the root of the 

 neck communicate with the thoracic lymphatic vessels, and termi- 

 nate, on the right side, in the ductus lymphaticus dexter, and, on the 

 left, in the thoracic duct, near to its termination. 



LYMPHATICS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY. 



The Superficial lymphatic glands of the arm are not more than 

 four or five in number, and of very small size. One or two are 

 situated near the median basilic, and cephalic veins, at the bend of 

 the elbow; and one or two near to the basilic vein, on the inner side 

 of the upper arm, immediately above the elbow. 



The Deep glands in the fore-arm are excessively small and infre- 

 quent; two or three may generally be found in the course of the 

 radial and ulnar vessels. In the upper arm there is a chain of 

 small glands, accompanying the brachial artery. 



The Axillary glands are numerous and of large size. Some are 

 closely adherent to the vessels, others are dispersed in the loose cel- 

 lular tissue of the axilla, and a small chain may be observed extend- 

 ing along the lower border of the pectoralis major to the mammary 

 gland. Two or three subclavian glands are situated beneath the 

 clavicle, and serve as the medium of communication between the 

 axillary and deep cervical lymphatic glands. 



The Superficial lymphatic vessels of the upper extremity commence 

 at the extremities of the fingers, and pass along the borders of the 

 fingers to the dorsum of the hand; they next ascend the fore-arm, 

 some on its posterior and some on its anterior aspect, observing par- 

 ticularly the direction of the veins. At the bend of the elbow they 



