GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL NERVE. 393 



The facial nerve has been named sympatlieticus minor, on account 

 of the number of communications which it maintains with other 

 nerves. These will be best seen in a tabular arrangement : 



r ,7 j .. ( Auditory nerve, 



In me petrous bone it \ T> ri. u rtr-j- 



., 7 < Petrosal branch of Vidian, 

 communicates with ) ^,. ,. 



( Otic ganglion. 



At its exit from the ( , 



stylo-masloid fora- \ glosso-pharyngeal, 

 men, with \ Pneumogastric. 



F ., .., , 7 ( Anterior auricular, 



In the parotid gland, N . 



., r < Aunculans magnus, 



Occipitalis minor. 



Supra-orbital, 

 Infra-orbital, 



On the face and neck, ) Temporo-malar, 

 with \ Buccal, 



Mental, 

 Superficialis'colli. 



8th pair. This pair consists of three nerves, the glosso-pharyn- 

 geal, pneumogastric, and spinal accessory. 



The GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL NERVE arises by several filaments from 

 the respiratory tract, between the corpus olivare and restiforme, 

 and escapes from the skull at the innermost extremity of the jugular 

 foramen through a distinct opening in the dura mater, lying ante- 

 riorly to the sheath of the pneumogastric and spinal accessory 

 nerves, and internally to the jugular vein. It then passes for- 

 wards between the jugular vein and internal carotid artery to 

 the stylo-pharyngeus muscle, and descends along its inferior border 

 to the hyo-glossus, beneath which it passes to be distributed to the 

 mucous membrane of the base of the tongue and fauces, to the 

 mucous glands of the mouth, and to the tonsils. While situated 

 in the jugular fossa, the nerve presents two gangliform swellings, 

 one superior (ganglion jugulare of Miiller) of small size, and in- 

 volving only the posterior fibres of the nerve, the other inferior, 

 nearly half an inch below the preceding, of larger size and occupy- 

 ing the whole diameter of the nerve, the ganglion of Andersen* 

 (ganglion petrosum). 



The fibres of origin of this nerve may be traced through the fas- 

 ciculi of the corpus restiforme to the gray substance in the floor of 

 the fourth ventricle. 



* Charles Samuel Andersch. " Tractatus Anatomico-Physiologicus de Nervis Cor- 

 poris Human! Aliquibus, 1797." 



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