436 CARTILAGES OF THE NOSE. 



2. The Muscles are brought into view by reflecting the integu- 

 ment : they are the pyramidaliS nasi, compressor nasi, levator labii 

 superioris alaeque nasi, and depressor labii superioris alaeque nasi. 

 They have been already described with the muscles of the face. 



3. The Bones of the nose are the nasal, and nasal processes of 

 the superior maxillary. 



4. The Fibro-cartilages give form and stability to the outwork of 

 the nose, providing at the same time, by their elasticity, against in- 

 juries. They are five in number, the 



Fibro-eartilage of the septum, 

 Two lateral fibro-cartilages, 

 Two alar fibro-cartilages. 



The Fibro-cartilage of the septum, somewhat triangular in form, 

 divides the nose into its two nostrils. It is connected above with 

 the nasal bones and lateral fibro-cartilages ; behind, with the eth- 

 moidal septum and vomer ; and, below, with the palate processes of 

 the superior maxillary bones. The alar fibro-cartilages and columna 

 move freely upon the fibro-cartilage of the septum, being but loosely 

 connected with it by perichondrium. 



The Lateral fibro-cartilages are also trian- 

 Fig. 135.* gular : they are connected, in front, with the 



fibro-cartilage of the septum ; above with the 

 nasal bones ; behind with the nasal processes 

 of the superior maxillary bones; and below 

 with the alar fibro-cartilages. 



Alar fibro-cartilages. Each of these carti- 

 lages is curved in such a manner as to corre- 

 spond with the opening of the nostril, to which 

 it forms a kind of rim. The inner portion is 

 loosely connected with the same part of the 

 opposite cartilage, so as to form the columna. 

 It is expanded and thickened at the point of the 

 nose to constitute the lobe ; and, upon the side 

 forms a curve corresponding with the form of 

 the ala. This curve is prolonged downwards 

 and forwards in the direction of the posterior 

 border of the ala by three or four small fibro- 

 cartilaginous plates, which are appendages to the alar fibro-carti- 

 lage. 



The whole of these fibro-cartilages are connected with each 

 other, and to the bones, by perichondrium, which, from its mem- 

 branous structure, permits of the freedom of motion existing between 

 them. 



* The fibro-cartilages of the nose. 1. The nasal bones. 2. The fibro cartilage 

 of the septum. 3. The lateral fibro-cartilages. 4. The alar fibro-cartilages. 5. 

 The central portions of the alar fibro-cartilages which constitute the columna. 6. The 

 appendix of the alar fibro-cartilage. 7. The nostrils. 





