NATURAL SCIENCE TO GENERAL SCIENCE. 15 



similar facts, to be instantaneously confronted with the question 

 you are trying to solve. Accordingly, one of the first requisites 

 for studies of this class is an accurate and ready memory. 

 Many celebrated historians and philologists have, in fact, 

 astounded their contemporaries by their extraordinary strength of 

 memory. Of course memory alone is insufficient without a 

 knack of everywhere discovering real resemblance, and without 

 a delicately and fully trained insight into the springs of human 

 action; while this again is unattainable without a certain 

 warmth of sympathy and an interest in observing the working 

 of other men's minds. Intercourse with our fellow-men in 

 daily life must lay the foundation of this insight, but the study 

 of history and art serves to make it richer and completer, for 

 there we see men acting under comparatively unusual conditions, 

 and thus come to appreciate the full scope of the energies which 

 lie hidden in our breasts. 



None of this group of sciences, except grammar, lead us, as a 

 rule, to frame and enunciate general laws, valid under all circum- 

 stances. The laws of grammar are a product of the human 

 will, though they can hardly be said to have been framed de- 

 liberately, but rather to have grown up gradually, as they were 

 wanted. Accordingly, they present themselves to a learner 

 rather in the form of commands, that is, of laws imposed by 

 external authority. 



With these sciences theology and jurisprudence are naturally 

 connected. In fact, certain branches of history and philology 

 serve both as stepping-stones and as handmaids to them. The 

 general laws of theology and jurisprudence are likewise com- 

 mands, laws imposed by external authority to regulate, from a 

 moral or juridical point of view, the actions of mankind ; not 

 laws which, like those of nature, contain generalisations from a 

 vast multitude of facts. At the same time the application of a 

 grammatical, legal, moral, or theological rule is couched, like the 

 application of a law of nature to a particular case, in the forms of 

 logical inference. The rule forms the major premiss of the 

 syllogism, while the minor must settle whether the case in ques- 

 tion satisfies the conditions to which the rule is intended to 



