62 MORPHOLOGY OF LEAVES AS FOLIAGE. ["LESSON 9. 



Crenate, or scalloped, when the teeth are broad and rounded ; as 

 in Fig. 114, 101. 



Repand, undulate, or wavy, when the margin of the leaf forms a 

 wavy line, bending slightly inwards and outwards in succession ; as 

 in Fig. 115. 



Sinuate, when the margin is more strongly sinuous, or turned 

 inwards and outwards, as in Fig. 116. 



Incised, cut, or jagged, when the margin is cut into sharp, deep, 

 and irregular teeth or incisions, as in Fig. 117. 



157. When leaves are more deeply cut, and with a definite number 

 of incisions, they are said, as a general term, to be lobed ; the parts 

 being called lobes. Their number is expressed by the phrase two- 

 lobed, three-lobed, Jive-lobed, many-lobed, &c., as the case may be. 

 When the depth and character of the lobing needs to be more par- 

 ticularly specified, as is often the case, the following terms are 

 employed, viz. : 



Lobed, when the incisions do not extend deeper than about half- 

 way between the margin and the centre of the blade, if so far, and 

 are more or less rounded ; as in the leaves of the Post-Oak, Fig. 

 118, and the Hepatica, Fig. 122. 



Cleft, when the incisions extend half-way down or more, and 

 especially when they are sharp, as in Fig. 119, 123. And the 

 phrases two-cleft, or, in the Latin form, bifid ; three-cleft, or trifid; 

 four-cleft, or quadrijid ; jive-cleft, or quinqucfid, &c. ; or many-cleft, 

 in the Latin form multifid, express the number of the segments, 

 or portions. 



Parted, when the incisions are still deeper, but yet do not quite 

 reach to the midrib or the base of the blade ; as in Fig. 120, 124. 

 And the terms two-parted, three-parted, &c. express the number of 

 such divisions. 



Divided, when the incisions extend quite to the midrib, as in the 

 lower part of Fig. 121 ; or to the leaf-stalk, as in Fig. 125; which 

 makes the leaf compound. Here, using the Latin form, the leaf is 

 said to be bisected, trisected (Fig. 125), &c., to express the number 

 of the divisions. 



158. In this way the degree of division is described. We may 

 likewise express the mode of division. The notches or incisions, 

 being places where the green pulp of the blade has not wholly filled 

 up the framework, correspond with the veining ; as we perceive 

 on comparing the figures 118 to 121 with figures 122 to 125. The 



