204 COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



* Disk dark purple, contrasting with the yellow rays. 



*- Leaves long and linear, l-nerved, entire, sessile: heads small and mostly 

 corymbed : involucre of leaf-like spreading scales. 



H. anglistifblius, of pine-barrens from New Jersey S., has slender rough 

 stems 2 - 6 high, lower leaves opposite and rough. 



H. orgy alls, of Kansas and Arkansas, cult., has stems (6 - 10 high), and 

 crowded very narrow alternate leaves smooth : fl. late. 



*- Leaves oval or lanceolate, opposite: stems 1 3 high, bearing solitary or 

 Jew long-peduncled rather large heads: involucre of short close scales. 



H. heterophyllus, of low pine-barrens S. ; rather hairy, with lowest 

 leaves oval or oblong, upper ones lance-linear and few ; scales of involucre 

 lanceolate. 



H. rigidus, of dry prairies W. & S. ; rough, with thick firm leaves lance- 

 obiong or the lower oval ; scales of the involucre ovate or oblong, blunt. 



# * Disk yellow as well as the rays, or hardly dingy -brownish. 

 *- Scales of the involucre short andbroadh/ lanceolate, regularly imbricated, without 

 leaf-like tips : leaves nearly all opposite and nearly entire. 



H. OCCidentalis, of dry barrens from Ohio W. S. : somewhat hairy, 

 with slender simple stems 1 3 high, sending off runners from base, naked 

 above, bearing 1-5 heads ; lowest leaves ovate or lance-ovate ; upper ones 

 narrow, small and distant. 



H. mollis, of same situations, is soft white-woolly all over, 2 - 4 high, 

 leafy to the top, the leaves heart-ovate and partly clasping. 



- 1 Scales of the involucre looser and leafy-tipped : stems leafy to the top. 



*-* Leaves chiefly alternate and not triple-ribbed. 



H. gigant^US, common in low grounds N. ; rough and rather hairy, 3 - 

 10 high, with lanceolate serrate nearly sessile leaves, and pale yellow rays. 



-*-* *- Leaves mainly opposite, except in the last, 3-ribbed at base or triple-ribbtd. 



H. divaricatus, common in dry sterile soil, has smooth stem l-3 high, 

 rough ovate-lanceolate leaves tapering to a point and 3-nerved at the rounded 

 sessile base. 



H. hirsiltus, only W., differs from the pi*eceding in its rough-hairy stem 

 1 - 2 high, and leaves with narrower base more or less petioled. 

 " H. Strumbsus, common in low grounds, has mostly smooth stems 3 -4 

 high, broadly lanceolate or lance-ovate leaves rough above and whitish or white- 

 downy beneath, their margins beset with fine appressed teeth, and petioles short 

 and margined. 



H. decapdtalus, so named because (like the preceding) it commonly has 

 10 rays; common along streams, has branching stems 3 -6 high, thin and 

 bright-green smoothish ovate leaves coarsely toothed and abruptly contracted 

 into margined petioles ; scales of the involucre long and loose. 



H. tuberbsus, JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (i. e. Girasole or SunfloAver in 

 Italian, corrupted in England into Jerusalem] : cult, for the tubers and run 

 wild in fence-rows, probably a state of a wild S. W. species ; 5 -7 high, with 

 triple-ribbed ovate petioled leaves, rough-hairy as well as the stems, all the 

 upper ones alternate, the running rootstocks ending in ovate or oblong edible 

 tubers. 



58. HELl6PSIS, OX-EYE. (Greek-made name, from the likeness to 

 Sunflower. ) 



H. Isbvis, our only species, common in rich or low grounds, resembles 

 a Sunflower of the last section, but has pistillate rays and 4-sided akenes with- 

 out pappus : l-4 high, smooth; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, triple-ribbed, 

 petioled, serrate ; head of golden-yellow flowers terminating the branches, in 

 summer. 



