COMPOSITE FAMILY. 205 



59. RUDB^JCKIA, CONE-FLOWER. (Named for &*, father and 

 son, Swedish botanists.) The following are the commonest species x all 

 natives of this country : fl. summer. 



1. Disk broadly conical, dark-colored, the soft chaff not pointed: rough-hairy 

 plants l-2 high, leaf;/ below, the naked summit of the stems or branches 

 bearing single showy heads : leaves simple. 11 



R. specibsa, from Penn. W. & S., and cult, in some gardens ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pointed at both ends, 3 - 5-nerved, petioled, coarsely- 

 toothed or cut. 



R. hirta, common in open ground W. & S., introduced into meadows E. 

 with clover-seed ; stems stout and mostly simple ; leaves nearly entire, triple- A-/^X 

 ribbed, oblong-lanceolate or the lowest spatulate, the upper sessile. 



2. Disk conical, dark-purple, the chaff awn-pointed : lower leaves often pinnately 

 parted or 3-cle/l. 



R. triloba, from Penn. to 111. & S. ; hairy, 2 - 5 high, much branched, 

 with upper leaves lance-ovate and toothed, and the numerous small heads with 

 only about 8 rays. 



3. Disk globular, pale dull brownish (receptacle sweet-scented), the chaff blunt 

 and downy at the end ; lower leaves 3-parted. ^ 



R. SUbtomentbsa, of the prairies and plains W. ; somewhat downy, with 

 leafy steins 3 - 5 high, ovate or lance-ovate serrate upper leaves and short- 

 peduncled heads. 



4. Disk oblong, or in fruit cylindrical and 1' long, greenish yellow, the chaff very 

 blunt and downy at the end : leaves all compound or cleft. ^ 



R. laciniata, COMSION CONE-FLOWER, in low thickets; 3 -7. high, 

 smooth, branching above ; lowest leaves pinnate with 5-7 cut or cleft leaflets, "* ) g. 

 upper ones 3 - 5-parted, or the uppermost undivided ; heads long-peduncled, 

 with linear drooping rays l'-2' long. 



60. LEPACHYS. (Supposed to be formed from Greek words for thick 

 and scale. } Receptacle anise-scented when crushed. Fl. summer. 



L. pinnata, in dry soil from W. New York W. & S. : minutely roughish 

 and slightly hoary ; the slender leafy stems 3 - 5 high, bearing leaves of 3 - 7 

 lanceolate leaflets, and somewhat corymbed heads with the oval or oblong disk 

 much shorter than the oblong drooping yellow rays ; akenes scarcely 2-toothed, 

 flattish, the inner edge hardly wing-margined. % 



L. columnaris, of the plains W. of the Mississippi ; cult, for ornament ; 

 l-2 high, with single or few long-peduncled heads, their cylindrical disk often 

 becoming 2' long, and longer than the 5-8 broad drooping rays, these either 

 yellow, or var. PULCHERRIMA, with the base or lower half brown-purple ; akenes 

 1 - 2-toothed at top and winged down one edge. 2J. 



61. DRACOPIS. (Name refers in some obscure way to a Dragon.) 



D. amplexicaulis, wild far S. W., sometimes cult, for ornament ; smooth, 

 l-2 high, with clasping heart-shaped pale leaves, and long-peduncled heads, 

 like those of the preceding, the broad rays mostly shorter than the cylindrical 

 disk, and either yellow or the lower part brown-purple. 



62. ECHINACEA, HEDGEHOG CONE-FLOWER. (Name means like 

 a hedgehog, viz. receptacle with prickly pointed chaff.) Fl. summer. 2/ 



E. purpiirea, in prairies and open grounds from W. Penn. W. & S. : 

 stems l-2 high from a thick and black pungent- tasted root (called Black 

 Sampson by quack-doctors), bearing ovate or lanceolate 5-nerved and veiny 

 leaves, the lower long-petioled, and terminated by a large head; rays 15-20, 

 dull rose-piirple. 



E. angustifolia, from Wisconsin S., is a more slender form, with narrow 

 lanceolate 3-nerved entire leaves, and 12-15 brigh tar-colored rays. 



