PRIMROSE FAMILY. 223 



* # From a depressed or biscuit-shaped fleshy corm. 



3. CYCLAMEN. Flower resembling that of Dodecatheon, but only one on a 



scape or stalk. Anthers sessile, pointed. 



2. With leafy stems, the leaves simple and chiefly entire, 

 # In one whorl at the summit of the slender stem : parts of thejlower 7. 



4. TRIENTALIS. Calyx and corolla wheel-shaped, of mostly 7 divisions united 



only at base, those of the former linear-lanceolate, of the latter oblong, of 

 both pointed. Filaments united in a ring at base : anthers oblong, curving 

 when old. Flowers white. 

 * * In pairs or whorls along the stems : parts of thejlower mostly 5. 



5. LYSIMACHIA. Corolla yellow, wheel-shaped, 5-parted (or rarely of 5, 6, or 



even 7 nearly or quite separate narrow petals). Filaments beardless, often 

 monadelphous at base. Pod splitting into valves. 



6. ANAGALLIS. Corolla red, blue, or white, wheel-shaped, the 6 divisions broad. 



Filaments bearded. Pod (a pyxis) open by a transverse division, the top 

 falling off as a lid, many-seeded. 



* # # Alternate leaves along the branching stems : base of calyx and ovary coherent. 



7. SAMOLUS. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla bell-shaped, 5-cleft, with a little body 



like a sterile filament in the clefts. Stamens included. Pod many-seeded, 

 splitting into 5 valves. Flowers small, white, in racemes. 



3. With hollow inflated leafy stems ; the leaves whorled or scattered, the lower ones 

 pinnately parted: parts of thefloiver 5, 



8. HOTTONIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla short salver-shaped : stamens included. 



Pod opening by 5 clefts down the side, many-seeded. Flowers small, in 

 whorls along the upper part of the stem and branches. 



1. PRIMULA, PRIMROSE, COWSLIP, &c. (Name from primus, 

 spring, from the flowering-time of true Primrose.) 2/ Two small species 

 are scarce along our northern borders (see Manual) : the following are the 

 common ones cult, for ornament. 



* Tender house-plant, with inflated conical calyx, and round-heart-shaped 7-9- 



lobed leaves. 



P. Sin6nsis, CHINESE PRIMROSE, a downy plant, with often proliferous 

 umbels of large and showy flowers, purple, rose, or white, sometimes double, 

 in one variety cut-fringed. 



* # Hardy or nearly so, from En , with large tulmlar or oblong-bell-shaped angled 



calyx, and wrinkled-veiny oblong or spatulate leaves tapering into short wing- 

 margined petioles : flowers naturally yellow, in spring. 



P. grandifl6ra (or ACAULIS), TRUE PRIMROSE, has leaves somewhat 

 hairy beneath, and the large flowers rising on slender pedicels from their axils, 

 the proper scapes not developed ; corolla flat, sulphur-yellow. 



P. officinalis (or VERIS), ENGLISH COWSLIP; somewhat pubescent with 

 minute pale down, scapes bearing the umbels above the leaves, much smaller 

 flowers of deeper color, and the limb of corolla rather concave or cup-like, the 

 throat commonly orange. The sorts of POLYANTHUS are cultivated varieties, 

 with flowers enlarged, of various colors, or partycolored, often more or less 

 double. 



* * # Scarcely hardy N., with bell-shaped calyx much shorter than the funnel- 



shaped corolla, and smooth and thick obovate leaves, mostly covered with 

 some fine mealiness. 



P. Auricula, AURICULA, of Southern Europe ; low, with sessile leaves, 

 and scape bearing a few fragrant flowers, these pale yellow, with varieties white, 

 purple, or of various hues, sometimes full double. 



2. DODECATHEON. (Fanciful name, from Greek for tioelve gods.) % 

 D. Meadia, called SHOOTING-STAR at the West, or sometimes AMERICA* 



COWSLIP : in rich open woods from Penn. S. and especially W., and cult, for 

 ornament ; smooth, with a cluster of oblong or spatulate leaves around the ba:>e 



