314 PINE FAMILY. 



spurs or broad buds ; the sterile globular, yellow ; the fertile oval, crimson- 

 red, being the color of the bracts. 



L. Europsea, EUROPEAN LARCH, the one generally planted : a fine fast- 

 growing tree, with leaves about 1' long, and longer cones of numerous scales. 



L. Americana, AMERICAN L., TAMARACK or HACKMATACK. Swamps 

 N. : slender tree with shorter and paler leaves, and small cones of few scales, 

 only ' or ' long. 



4. CEDRUS, CEDAR, i. e. of Lebanon. (Ancient Greek name.) Wood 

 reddish, fragrant. Cult, for ornament, but precarious in this climate. 



C. Libani, CEDAR OF LEBANON ; with dark foliage and stiff horizontal 

 branches, the terminal shoot erect : not hardy E. of New York. 



C. Deodara, DEODAR C. of Himalayas*; with lighter drooping spray on 

 young trees, and whitish foliage : seems unlikely to flourish in this country. 



5. CRYPTOMERIA. (Name, from the Greek, means concealed parts or 

 joints.) Evergreen tree from Japan. 



C. Jap6nica, not hardy N. but often in conservatories ; leaves crowded, 

 awl-shaped, many-ranked, edgewise and decurrent on the stem. 



6. TAXODIUM, BALD-CYPRESS. (Name, from the Greek, means 

 Yew-like: the resemblance is only in the shape of the leaves.) Fl. before 

 the leaves, in earliest spring. 



T. distichum, AMERICAN B. or SOUTHERN CYPRESS. Large tree in 

 swamps S., and planted, even N. : branchlets slender, many of them falling in 

 autumn like leafstalks ; leaves light green, ' long, narrow-linear, 2-ranked, on 

 some flower-bearing shoots awl-shaped and imbricated ; cones 1' or less thick. 



7. SEQUOIA, REDWOOD. (Named for the Cherokee half-breed Indian 

 See-qua-yah, who invented an alphabet for his nation.) Very celebrated, 

 gigantic, Californian trees, with fibrous bark, not unlike that of Taxodium, 

 and soft, fissile, dull-red wood. Neither species is hardy in New England, 

 or safe in the Middle States ; but the second is disposed to stand. 



S. Semp6rvirens, Common Redwood of the coast ranges of California ; 

 with flat and linear acute leaves 2-ranked on the branches, but small awl-shaped 

 and scattered ones on the erect or leading shoots, and small globular cones 

 (barely 1' long). 



S. gigantfea, GIANT REDWOOD (in England called WELLINGTONS) of the 

 Sierra Nevada ; with all the leaves awl-shaped and distributed round the branch; 

 cones ovoid, l^'-2' long. 



8. CUPRESSUS, CYPRESS. Classical name of the Oriental Cypress, 

 namely, 



C. semp^rvirens, planted only far S. ; stiff narrow tree, with slender 

 erect branchlets, dark foliage, and cone 1' in diameter, each scale many-seeded. 



C. thujoides, WHITE CEDAR. Tree of low grounds S. & E., with white 

 valuable wood, slender spray, and pale glaucous-green triangular-awl-shapcd 

 leaves much finer than in Arbor Vita3 ; cones hardly ' wide, with few seeds to 

 each scale, and these almost wingless. 



C. Lawsoniana, of N. California, recently much planted, and if fully hardy 

 promising to be very ornamental ; has thickly set and plume-like flat spray, of 

 bluish-green hue, and cones scarcely above 4' in thickness, their scales bearing 

 2-4 ovules and ripening 2 or 3 seeds. 



C. pisffera, or RETIN6SPORA PISIFERA (of which C. OBTUSA is seemingly 

 a form with the scale-shaped leaves blunter and cone larger), is a scarcely hardy 

 species, introduced from Japan, the cones only as large as peas (to which the 

 specific name refers), a single pair of broad-winged seeds to each scale. 



C. squarrbsa, or ERICOIDES, from Japan, is perfectly hardy N., perhaps 

 a variety of the last, but of strikingly different appearance^ bearing only loose 

 and awl-shaped leaves. 



