12 LABORATORY EXERCISES IN BACTERIOLOGY. 



1 Bunsen burner with wing and gauze tops. 



Assorted rubber tubing. 



1 iron tripod. 



1 iron filter stand, three rings. 



1 wooden test-tube rack. 



2 wire cages for containing test-tubes. 

 1 hand brush. 



bottle brush. 



test-tube brush. 



potato knife. 



anaerobic jar and attachments. 



dissecting forceps, scissors and scalpel in'case 

 6 bottles with stoppers for dropping, for'special reagents. 

 6 reagent bottles. 

 12 staining tubes in rack. 

 1 slide for hanging-drop culture. 

 Staining solutions, reagents, filter paper, wrapping paper, litmus paper, and similar 



test papers and solutions, cheese-cloth, etc. 



In addition to the above, each student should provide himself, for personal use in 

 the laboratory, a suitable apron or gown of washable material, soap, a number of rubber 





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FIG. i. FORM TYPES OF BACTERIA. 



/. Coccaceae. 2. Bacteriacese. j. Spirillacese. ^t. Mycobacteriacese. j. Chlamidobac- 



teriacese. 



finger stalls, cover-glass forceps, glass slides and thin cover-slips, box for slides, tube of 

 balsam dissolved in xylol, wax pencil for temporary labels on culture tubes, and several 

 hand towels. 



Bacteria belong to the vegetable kingdom of created things, constituting one group 

 of the fungi, or non-chlorophyllous protophytes. They are also spoken of as the schiz- 

 omycetes (sing., schizomyce s) , or cleft fungi, or fission-fungi, because among this group 

 they are characterized by the more or less constant and common method of multiplica- 

 tion by direct cell division, as contrasted with sporulation, which is characteristic of the 

 moulds, and with gemmation, which is encountered among the yeasts. While this 

 feature is essentially a basic one, it is not absolutely constant, a few forms usually, and 

 a number of forms under special conditions, reproducing by spore formati6n. As a 

 group they are probably the lowest type of vegetables and bear many similarities to the 

 lower protozoa (infusoria) on the one hand, and to the higher types of the fungi and 

 algae on the other. 



They exist as unicellular organisms, isolated or in various groupings ; are spherical, 

 oval, rod-shaped, or curved in outline ; and as far as known are of simple structure, in 

 some forms only presenting as special organs flagella, by which motility is accomplished. 

 For convenience they may be divided into the following families: Coccacece (or cocci), of 



