41 



the cause of a disease in carnations. In the same connection some 

 mites are laid under suspicion, also 

 species of Thrips. I have shown 

 the presence in the cores of apples 

 of the woolly aphis at the same 

 time that the apples were suffer- 

 ing from distortion and a checked 

 growth. I have also called atten- 

 tion to the presence of Nematodes 

 between the leaf stalks of celery, 

 and the probability that they there 

 cause damage, and possibly this may 

 also come under the heading of 

 Stigmonose. 



In these latter years the Acarine 

 species known as the Red Spider 

 has often come under the gravest 

 suspicion as the cause of a wide- 

 spread and common disease of the 

 pomaceous fruits, namely, the apple, 

 the pear, and the quince. In order 

 to bring the matter pictorially 

 before the reader, I have inserted 

 good illustrations of some of the- 

 cases. The plate on page 39 con- 

 tains photographs of some apples 

 that were attacked by woolly aphis. 

 Every apple contained living insects, 

 and these were accompanied by so 

 many cast-off skins as to prove that 

 the insects had been inhabiting them 

 for some time. Figs. 59 and 60 show the effects of a disease common in 

 all the Australian states on apples, 

 pears, and quinces, though less com- 

 mon on the latter. Such appear- 

 ances are almost invariably accom- 

 panied by traces of what is known 

 as red spider, in fact it is very rarely 

 indeed that eggs, or some other 

 signs of these, may not be seen in 

 the eyes or elsewhere on such speci- 

 mens. 



On one occasion the apple varieties 

 Winter Pearmain, Granny Smith, 

 Winter Magetin, Kadwell's Non- 

 pareil, and Fanny ; the pear varieties 

 Beure Bosc and Butter ; the quince 

 variety Mammoth ; were examined 

 with the following results : 



All the apple varieties were found 



, 



Fig. 59. Pear suffering from Stigmonose. The 

 fruit is much' deformed and one-sided. 

 From end to end the peculiar malforma- 

 tions are to be seen, though they are most 

 numerous at the blossom end. 



lig. 60. Section through an apple that is 

 suffering from Stigmonose. The irregularity 

 of the surface of the apple is indicated by 

 the irregularity of the contour line of the 

 section. A short distance under the skin 

 there appears a layer of spongy brown 

 tissue characteristic of this disease as it 

 appears in full-grown apples. This is 

 represented in the figure, especially on the 

 left-hand side. 



